Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What is a chemical bond?
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
True or False: Ionic bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons.
False
Fill in the blank: The _______ bond is characterized by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
ionic
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Covalent bond
Which type of bond typically has a higher melting point, ionic or covalent?
Ionic bond
What is the octet rule?
The octet rule states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration.
How are metallic bonds characterized?
Metallic bonds are characterized by a ‘sea of electrons’ that are free to move and contribute to the conductivity and malleability of metals.
True or False: In covalent bonding, atoms can achieve a full outer shell by sharing electrons.
True
What is the difference between a polar and a nonpolar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared unequally between atoms, while a nonpolar covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared equally.
What is a dipole moment?
A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, indicating its polarity.
Which element is most likely to form a cation?
Metals
What type of bond is formed between sodium and chlorine in sodium chloride?
Ionic bond
Fill in the blank: A _______ bond is typically formed between two nonmetals.
covalent
What is the primary factor that determines the type of bond formed between two atoms?
The difference in electronegativity between the atoms.
True or False: Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water.
True
What type of bond is characterized by a shared pair of electrons?
Covalent bond
Which of the following is an example of a molecule with a double bond: H2, O2, or CO2?
CO2
What is the shape of a molecule with a tetrahedral geometry?
Four bonds arranged around a central atom at angles of approximately 109.5 degrees.
Fill in the blank: In a _______ bond, one atom donates both electrons to be shared.
coordinate covalent
What is the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonding.
What type of bond exists in metals that allows for conductivity?
Metallic bond
True or False: A compound with ionic bonds will conduct electricity in solid form.
False
What is the primary characteristic of a nonpolar molecule?
It has an even distribution of electrical charge.
What is an example of a molecule that exhibits hydrogen bonding?
Water (H2O)
Fill in the blank: A _______ bond is formed when two atoms have a significant difference in electronegativity.
polar covalent
