Chemical bonding

Question 1

Chemical bond definition

Answer 1

an electrostatic force of attraction between two or more atoms, ions or molecules
- the electrostatic force of attracion involves oppositely charged particles

Question 2

Types of chemical bond

Answer 2

• ionic bond
• covalent bond

Question 3

Noble gas structure

Answer 3

• the group 18 elements have a stable electronic configuration
  they are unreactive and stable as they do not combine with other elements
• they have octet(8) or duplet(2) configuratioin

Question 4

How to acheive stable electronic configuration

Answer 4

• lose or gain valence electrons
• share the valence electrons

Question 5

Ionic bonding definition

Answer 5

a strong force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Question 6

Cation vs Anion

Answer 6

• metals lose valence electron because they have a small number of valence electron, making them cation
• non metals gain valence electron because they have a large number of valence electron, making them anion

Question 7

Polyatomic ions

Answer 7

Ammonium
= NH4+
Hydroxide
= OH-
Nitrate
= NO3-
Sulfate
= SO42-
Carbonate
= CO32-
Phosphate
= PO43-

Question 8

Structure of Ionic Compound

Answer 8

• Ionic compounds have a giant ionic lattice structure
  ionic = oppositely charged ions
  giant - repeated endlessly
  lattice- regular arrangement

Question 9

Use of this structure

Answer 9

• it maximises the attractve forces between oppositely charged ions and mimizes repulsion between similiarly charged ions

Question 10

Definition of covalent bond

Answer 10

a force of attraction between the shared pair of electrons and the positively charged nuclei of both atoms

Question 11

Structure of covalent bond

Answer 11

• simple molecular structure
  = the substance exists as small discrete molecules, and have a low melting point
• giant covalent lattice structure
  = repeated and extends endlessly, covalent bond, regular, high melting point