Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What happens when interaction of substances happen?

Answer 1

Electrons are gained, lost, or shared between atoms.

Question 2

What can electrons only do?

Answer 2

Can only be gained or lost if they are transferred between atoms.

Question 3

Where does an electron come from?

Answer 3

If an atom gains an electron it can only come from some other atom. (the other atom loses an electron).

Question 4

How are cation (+) and anion (-) are attracted to each other?

Answer 4

They are held together by Coulombic forces (electrostatic attraction). Together they form an ionic compound.

Question 5

How are Ions formed?

Answer 5

Transference of electrons from one element to the other.

Question 6

What are positive and negative ions held together by?

Answer 6

Electrostatic Attraction forming a 3D lattice.

Question 7

Covalent Compounds (aka Molecular Compounds)

Answer 7

Neutral compounds formed by sharing electrons between atoms (covalent bonds)

Question 8

Covalent (Molecular) Compounds contain only what type of elements?

Answer 8

Non-metals (rarely contain metals or metalloids).

Question 9

If compound contains a metal it is…?

Answer 9

Ionic

Question 10

If compound contains a polyatomic ion it is…?

Answer 10

Ionic

Question 11

What are covalent bonds a result of?

Answer 11

Attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces.

Question 12

Nucleus-Electron Attraction is…?

Answer 12

Greater than the nucleus-nucleus and electron-electron repulsions. Resulting in an attracted force.

Question 13

If formation of covalent bonds are made consider only…

Answer 13

Valence electrons being associated with it.

Question 14

Electrons can be…

Answer 14

Shared equally or unequally to form a covalent bond.

Question 15

What is Electronegativity (EN)

Answer 15

Describes how strongly that element “pulls” on nearby electrons.

Question 16

Two atoms with similar electronegativity values can do what between them?

Answer 16

Will share the strength between two atoms equally where one side is not stronger than the other.

Question 17

What forms when two electrons have unequal electronegativity values?

Answer 17

It will form a POLAR covalent bond.

Question 18

On periodic table which direction does electronegativity get stronger and weaker? (Row Wise (Period))

Answer 18

From right to left EN get’s weaker, from left to right EN get’s stronger.

Question 19

Non-Polar Covalent Bond is what?

Answer 19

Two equal EN Values between the electrons. (both have equal strength).

Question 20

Polar Covalent Bond is what?

Answer 20

Two unequal EN values between electrons. (one is stronger than the other).

Question 21

On periodic table which direction does electronegativity get stronger and weaker? (Column Wise)

Answer 21

Bottom to top EN will get stronger, top to bottom EN will get weaker.

Question 22

Electron Affinity?

Answer 22

Energy change when an electron is added to an atom.

Question 23

Electronegativity?

Answer 23

Ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself (strength of an atom).

Question 24

Are there partial charges in nonpolar bonds?

Answer 24

No, they are equally shared in electronegativity.

Question 25

Are there partial charges in polar bonds?

Answer 25

Yes and they are labeled as -𝛿 and +𝛿 (lowercase delta).

Question 26

Nonpolar Covalent

Answer 26

Two of the same non-metal.

Question 27

Polar Covalent

Answer 27

Two different non-metals.

Question 28

Ionic

Answer 28

Non-metal and Metal bonds.

Question 29

Nonpolar Covalent Value?

Answer 29

It is nonpolar covalent if it’s less than 0.4

Question 30

Polar Covalent Value?

Answer 30

Between 0.4 and 1.8

Question 31

Ionic Value?

Answer 31

Greater than 1.8