Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What happens when interaction of substances happen?
Electrons are gained, lost, or shared between atoms.
What can electrons only do?
Can only be gained or lost if they are transferred between atoms.
Where does an electron come from?
If an atom gains an electron it can only come from some other atom. (the other atom loses an electron).
How are cation (+) and anion (-) are attracted to each other?
They are held together by Coulombic forces (electrostatic attraction). Together they form an ionic compound.
How are Ions formed?
Transference of electrons from one element to the other.
What are positive and negative ions held together by?
Electrostatic Attraction forming a 3D lattice.
Covalent Compounds (aka Molecular Compounds)
Neutral compounds formed by sharing electrons between atoms (covalent bonds)
Covalent (Molecular) Compounds contain only what type of elements?
Non-metals (rarely contain metals or metalloids).
If compound contains a metal it is…?
Ionic
If compound contains a polyatomic ion it is…?
Ionic
What are covalent bonds a result of?
Attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces.
Nucleus-Electron Attraction is…?
Greater than the nucleus-nucleus and electron-electron repulsions. Resulting in an attracted force.
If formation of covalent bonds are made consider only…
Valence electrons being associated with it.
Electrons can be…
Shared equally or unequally to form a covalent bond.
What is Electronegativity (EN)
Describes how strongly that element “pulls” on nearby electrons.
Two atoms with similar electronegativity values can do what between them?
Will share the strength between two atoms equally where one side is not stronger than the other.
What forms when two electrons have unequal electronegativity values?
It will form a POLAR covalent bond.
On periodic table which direction does electronegativity get stronger and weaker? (Row Wise (Period))
From right to left EN get’s weaker, from left to right EN get’s stronger.
Non-Polar Covalent Bond is what?
Two equal EN Values between the electrons. (both have equal strength).
Polar Covalent Bond is what?
Two unequal EN values between electrons. (one is stronger than the other).
On periodic table which direction does electronegativity get stronger and weaker? (Column Wise)
Bottom to top EN will get stronger, top to bottom EN will get weaker.
Electron Affinity?
Energy change when an electron is added to an atom.
Electronegativity?
Ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself (strength of an atom).
Are there partial charges in nonpolar bonds?
No, they are equally shared in electronegativity.
