Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Define Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding where pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
single covalent
A single covalent bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the same two atoms, one electron from each atom.
double covalent
A double covalent bond is formed when four electrons are shared between the same two atoms, two electrons from each atom.
triple covalent
A triple covalent bond is formed when six electrons are shared between the same two atoms, three electrons from each atom.
Define Valency
The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom which are able to be used to form bonds with other atoms.
Define Chemical Bonding
The process that causes atoms and ions to be attracted to each other and held together in more stable chemical compounds.
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
Define Ionic bond
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond where one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
When does ionic bonding take place?
Ionic bonding takes place when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is more than 1,7
.
Define Cation
An element (or group of atoms) that has fewer electrons than protons.
Define Anions
An element (or group of atoms) that has more electrons than protons.
Define Crystal lattice
The arrangement of ions in a regular, geometric structure
What are the Properties of Ionic compounds
Ions are arranged in a lattice structure
Ionic solids are crystalline at room temperature
The ionic bond is a strong electrostatic attraction. This means that ionic compounds are often hard and have high melting and boiling points
Ionic compounds are brittle and bonds are broken along planes when the compound is put under pressure (stressed)
Solid crystals do not conduct electricity, but ionic solutions do
Define Metallic bond
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metal atoms and the delocalised electrons in the metal.
What does ‘valence electrons are delocalised’ mean
that an atom’s electrons do not stay around that one nucleus
