Chemical Basis Of Life + Enzymes

Question 1

isotope

Answer 1

one form of element that contains that same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

hydrogen bond

Answer 2

weak attraction between hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom within another molecule; helps to make water molecules cohesive

Question 3

electron

Answer 3

subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge; found outside the nucleus

Question 4

reactants

Answer 4

the starting materials or ingredients for a chemical reaction; found on the left side of a chemical equation

Question 5

covalent bond

Answer 5

forms when two atoms share electrons

Question 6

proton

Answer 6

subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge; found in the nucleus

Question 7

element

Answer 7

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 8

neutron

Answer 8

subatomic particle that is electrically neutral; found in the nucleus

Question 9

atom

Answer 9

the smallest possible particle of an element

Question 10

radioactive isotope

Answer 10

form of an atom in which the nucleus decays over time giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy

Question 11

ionic bond

Answer 11

forms when an atom transfers an electron to another atom

Question 12

ions

Answer 12

atoms that have become electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons

Question 13

products

Answer 13

the ending materials for a chemical reaction; found on the right side of a chemical equation

Question 14

insulation

Answer 14

when ice covers a pond, it acts as this for the organisms below it

Question 15

water

Answer 15

this heats up very slowly compared to the land around or compared to the metal pan it is in

Question 16

cohesion

Answer 16

the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another

Question 17

adhesion

Answer 17

the type of attraction that occurs between unlike molecules

Question 18

solvent

Answer 18

a substance that can dissolve another substance; water is the best one

Question 19

acid

Answer 19

substance with a pH less than 7

Question 20

base

Answer 20

substance with a pH greater than 7

Question 21

pH scale

Answer 21

describes how acidic or basic a solution is; ranges from 0 to 14

Question 22

buffer

Answer 22

substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH; found in your blood to keep the pH 7.4

Question 23

neutral

Answer 23

a pH of 7 meaning the substance is neither acidic nor basic

Question 24

polar molecule

Answer 24

a molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive

Question 25

universal solvent

Answer 25

Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different substances

Question 26

surface tension

Answer 26

Because water is so cohesive, a “film” forms on its surface; the reason a water strider can walk on water

Question 27

capillary action

Answer 27

tendency of water to rise in a thin tube

Question 28

ice

Answer 28

solid form of water that is unusual in that it is less dense than liquid water so it floats

Question 29

high specific heat

Answer 29

A property of water. Water can absorb lots of heat before changing temperature.

Question 30

enzyme

Answer 30

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Question 31

active site

Answer 31

a region on an enzyme where a substrate binds during a reaction.

Question 32

catalyst

Answer 32

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 33

activation energy

Answer 33

Energy needed to get a reaction started