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Anatomy & Physiology > Chemical Basis Of Life > Flashcards

Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Main elements in organic

A

CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

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2
Q

Order of structures

A

Atoms-compounds-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems- organisms

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3
Q

Acid

A

H+ donor (hydronium) lower in pH scale

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4
Q

Base

A

OH- donor(hydroxide) also known as alkaline, higher on pH scale

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5
Q

pH scale

A

0————————-7———————14
Acidic. Neutral. Basic
Negative Log of ten, measures hydrogen ions

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6
Q

Buffer

A

Keeps pH relatively constant, eliminates swing of pH level

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7
Q

Blood buffer

A

Carbonic acid bicarbonate

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8
Q

What state do most chemical reactions take place

A

Neutral

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9
Q

Carbohydrate elements

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen (CHO)

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10
Q

Carb structure

A

Ring

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11
Q

Carb ratio

A

1:2:1

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12
Q

Are carbs soluble in water

A

Yes

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13
Q

Types of saccharides

A

Monosaccharides-1 ring
Disaccharide-2 ring
Polysaccharide-3+ rings

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14
Q

Hydrolysis rx

A

Adds h2o to break covalent bond

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15
Q

Condensation rx

A

Makes covalent bond, water falls out

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16
Q

Lipid elements

A

CHO

17
Q

Lipids Soluble in water?

A

No

18
Q

Lipid structure

A

Chain

19
Q

Saturated fat

A

Single bonds, solid at room temp, raised HDL and LDL (cholesterol) generally bad for you

20
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

At least one double bonded carbon, liquid at room temp, lowers HDL and raises LDL, generally better for you

21
Q

Phospholipids structure and function

A

Triglyceride with a phospholipid end, and it makes up every membrane in cells

22
Q

Steroids (good kind)

A

Fuses 4 ring carbon structure, includes cholesterol, important in cell membranes, and transports lipoproteins

23
Q

Elements of Proteins

A

CHON

24
Q

Protein structure

A

Branch

25
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Amino acids ( chain is called polypeptide)

26
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins

27
Q

What holds together proteins?

A

Peptide bonds

28
Q

Function of proteins

A 
Structural support
*biological catalyst(enzymes)
Transport
Defense
Regulation
Movement
29
Q

What makes up an amino acid

A

Amino group, carboxyl group, and r group

30
Q

What changes an amino acid

A

The r group

31
Q

What do enzymes do

A

Biological catalyst, lowers activation energy to start, increases rx speed

32
Q

Do enzymes become changed by catalytic role?

A

No, they can be used again and again

33
Q

Induced fit model

A

Substrate attaches to enzyme at active site

34
Q

Elements of nucleic acids

A

CHON and P

35
Q

What is a nucleic acid

A

DNA AND RNA

36
Q

Structure of nucleic acids

A

Double helix: made of nucleotide, nitrogenous base, pentode sugar; and phosphate geoupy

37
Q

Sugar in DNA and rna respectively

A

Deoxyribose and ribose

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

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