Chemical and Physical Properties Flashcards
What is the NFPA’s definition of Risk Based Response?
A systematic process, based on the facts, science, and circumstances of the incident, by which responders analyze a problem involving hazardous materials/WMD to assess the hazards and consequences, develop an incident action plan (IAP), and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan.
—NFPA 470 3.3.75
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — are characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of the material. Some examples of physical properties include color, odor, and boiling point.
- physical properties
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.
- flammability
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the degree to which a product can damage an organism. In product hazard analysis, we generally discuss toxicity in relation to its potential to cause death or serious harm to humans.
- toxicity
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — refers to the degree to which a product damages metal or organic tissues—most notably the skin or internal organs (if ingested).
- corrosivity
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — refers to a chemical’s tendency to interact with other chemicals, sometimes violently. Some chemicals react violently when exposed to water or air.
- reactivity
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — refers to the emission of ionizing radiation, a form of energy that can lead to changes in living cells. You will learn more about radioactivity if you take Chemical Hazard Analysis for Risk Based Response.
- radioactivity
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
What are the six critical components of a product hazard analysis?
- Physical properties
- Flammability
- Toxicity
- Corrosivity
- Reactivity
- Radioactivity
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
What are the four incident considerations evaluated during the Risk-Based Response process?
- Product
- Container
- Environment
- Cause
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
Risk-based response is based on (1.) —, (2.) — and (3.) —. (4.) are pieces of information that are known or can be proven to be true. (5.) refers to a systematically organized body of knowledge on the physical and natural world. (6.) are conditions connected to or relevant to an incident or event.
- Facts
- Science
- Circumstances
- Facts
- Science
- Circumstances
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
There are some materials that never become a liquid as they transition from a solid to a gas or vapor. This process is called (1.) —.
- sublimation
For example, dry ice changes phase directly from its solid form to the gaseous form of carbon dioxide.nnected to or relevant to an incident or event.
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to a gas/vapor at its (1.) — possible rate.
- fastest
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is (1.) — pounds per square inch (PSI) or (2.) — millimeters of mercury (mm/Hg).
- 14.7
- 760
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is a measure of the pressure exerted by the surface of a liquid and some solids against atmospheric pressure at a given temperature.
- Vapor pressure (Vp)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
Vapor pressure indicates a material’s ability to evaporate. Substances with a (1.) — vapor pressure will evaporate more readily than those with a (2.) — vapor pressure.
- higher
- lower
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the ability of one product to be dissolved by another.
- solubility
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the weight or density of a substance in comparison to water (with water being “1”).
- specific gravity (SG)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the weight of a vapor at a given temperature and pressure.
- vapor density (Vd)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
When analyzing a product’s flammability hazards, you must consider several variables. For combustion to occur, the material must first be evolving sufficient (1.) —. Second, the gases or vapors must be in a proper (2.) — in air to support combustion. Third, an (3.) — source must be present.
- vapors
- concentration
- ignition
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the minimum temperature at which a liquid and some volatile solids will produce enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture in the air.
- Flash point
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — refers to the range between the lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL), expressed as a percentage. Below the LEL, the vapor/air mixture is “too lean to burn.” Above the UEL, the mixture is “too rich to burn.”
- Flammable range
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
(1.) — is the minimum temperature required to initiate or cause combustion.
It is also known as autoignition temperature.
- Ignition temperature
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
At a chemical’s (1.) —, if an ignition source is introduced, the mixture will flash but will not continue to burn because the vapor has been consumed. However, depending upon the material involved, with slight increases in temperature beyond the flash point, the material will continue to burn if ignited. This higher temperature is referred to as the (2.) —.
- flash point
- fire point (AKA flame point)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
The National Fire Protection Association identifies combustible materials as those substances with a flash point of greater than (1.) —.
- 100°F (38°C)
The U.S. Department of Transportation uses 140°F (60°C) to differentiate between flammable and combustible liquids.
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
The National Fire Protection Association identifies flammable materials as those substances with a flash point of less than (1.) —.
- 100°F (38°C)
The U.S. Department of Transportation uses 140°F (60°C) to differentiate between flammable and combustible liquids.
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
A chemical’s (1.) — is the minimum percentage concentration of gas or vapor in air needed for combustion to occur if an ignition source is provided.
- lower explosive limit (LEL)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
The range between the LEL and UEL is referred to as the (1.) —.
- flammable range
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms
The (1.) — is the maximum percentage concentration of gas or vapor in air which will allow for combustion to occur.
- upper explosive limit (UEL)
NETC Q0259 Online Course: Chemical and Physical Properties Terms