Chemical and Physical Properties

Question 1

What is a Physical Property? Give Examples.

Answer 1

A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another. Examples include, melting point, boiling point, malleability, mass, density, etc.

Question 2

What is a chemical property? Give examples.

Answer 2

A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that can only be observed by changing what the substance is. Examples include ability to rust, ability to tarnish, ability to burn, etc.

Question 3

What are the five statements that are true for all matter?

Answer 3

1. Everything is made up of small particles
2. Particles increase movement with temperature
3. Particles are always moving
4. Particles attract one another
5. All pure substances had its own type of unique particle

Question 4

Explain how particles behave in a solid.

Answer 4

In a solid, particles are tied together with a neat pattern and are extremely attached to each other, They are close together, and vibrate slowly in place. They also have a rigid fixed shape.

Question 5

Explain how particles behave in a liquid?

Answer 5

Particles in a liquid or a slightly far away from each other, but not too far. They also have the ability to flow past each other. They also don’t have a neat shape, and are slightly attracted to each other.

Question 6

How are particles in a gas?

Answer 6

The particles in a gas have a weak attraction. They are very far apart from each other, and move very fast all over the place. They also bump into each other don’t have any shape, meaning they can be squashed.

Question 7

What is an Anion?

Answer 7

An Anion is when an atom gains an electron and is negatively charged.

Question 8

What is a Cation?

Answer 8

A Cation is when an electron is lost, and the atom is positively charged.

Question 9

What is a Chemical Bond?

Answer 9

A Chemical Bond is a link between 2 atoms holding them together.

Question 10

Why would we want to take away/give an electron to an atom?

Answer 10

To make the atom stable and happy by giving it all full shells.

Question 11

How did Lithium react when combined with water?

Answer 11

It sizzled, and some gas was produced along with bubbles.

Question 12

How did sodium react when combined with water?

Answer 12

It sizzled, and lots of gas was produced along with a small red-orange flame and sparks.

Question 13

How did potassium react when combined with water?

Answer 13

There was lots of sizzling and immense gas along with a larger flame that was blue, purple, pink and orange. The flame extinguished after a few seconds each time.

Question 14

What are horizontal and vertical rows called on the periodic table?s

Answer 14

Periods are horizontal, groups are vertical.

Question 15

What do elements in the same PERIOD have in common?

Answer 15

Same number of electron shells and energy levels.

Question 16

What do the elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 16

They have similar physical and chemical properties due to their number of valence electrons.

Question 17

What are some physical and chemical properties of the Alkali Metals?

Answer 17

They’re all silver, soft, solid metals that react with water to create Hydrogen. They’re also found in nature, but only has compounds. They’re all extremely reactive, and they lose 1 electron to form +1 ion.

Question 18

What are some physical and chemical properties of the alkaline earth metals?

Answer 18

They’re solid metals that have 2 valence electrons. They’re also extremely reactive and are more dense compared to the Alkali Metals. They’re found in nature, but only as compounds, and they lose 2 electrons to form +2 ions.

Question 19

What are some physical/chemical properties of the Halogens?

Answer 19

They have 7 valence electrons and are extremely reactive. They are non-metals that include Fluorine (F), which is a yellow gas, Chlorine (Cl) which a yellow-green gas, Bromine (Br) which a red-brown liquid, Iodine (I) which is a violet/black solid, and Arsenic (As) which is a radioactive solid. They are only found in nature as compounds, and are very corrosive. They also gain one electron, to form -1 ions.

Question 20

Describe some physical and chemical properties of the Noble Gases.

Answer 20

These room temperature gases are not reactive, due to their stable atom structure. They’re also odourless, colourless, and tasteless. They barely ever mix with other elements.

Question 21

What is matter?

Answer 21

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 22

Explain what a mixture is and what are the 2 types.

Answer 22

A mixture is a product made up of 2 or more substances. They can be made up of different particles in many different proportions. They can also be separated using physical means. The 2 types are Heterogeneous and Homogeneous.

Question 23

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

Answer 23

A heterogeneous mixture has more than one part visible, example cereal, vegetable soup, chocolate chip cookie, etc.

Question 24

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 24

A homogeneous mixture looks like only one substance, but that’s only because the other parts are very well mixed together and are not visible. For example Coffee, KoolAid, Hot Chocolate, etc.

Question 25

What is a pure substance?

Answer 25

A pure substance is created of only one type of substance that has only one type of particle. These substances can be written with an element or formula. Pure substances fall into the two categories: elements and compounds.

Question 26

What is an element?

Answer 26

Elements are made up of only one type of particle called an atom. They cannot be broken down into simpler forms. They can also be found on the periodic table as symbols for example sodium = Na, Hydrogen = H, Oxygen = O, etc.

Question 27

What is a compound?

Answer 27

A compound contains two or more different elements in fixed proportions. It can be separated using chemical means for example CO2 equals carbon dioxide, and H2O equals water.