Chemical and Physical Injury

Question 1

T/F Lethal capacity of cocaine is dose dependent.

Answer 1

toxicity is not dose dependent, but is related to the rout of administration

Question 2

Combination of cocaine with which other substances creates distinct products?

Answer 2

ethanol
p450
smoking

Question 3

Contrast abrasion with laceration.

Answer 3

abrasion epithelial injury with frictional and pressure forces
laceration- tearing of tissue from either compression or stretching

Question 4

Risk for electrocution is mostly ____.

Answer 4

occupational

Question 5

Combination of cocaine with which other substances creates distinct products?

Answer 5

ethanol
p450 metabolism
smoking

Question 6

Risk for electrocution is mostly ____.

Answer 6

occupational

Question 7

Define hyperthermia and hypothermia.

Answer 7

hyperthermia, core temp exceeds 106F

hypothermia, core temp below 95

Question 8

List different cases of asphyxiation.

Answer 8

chemical- CO
hypoxic- methane or CO2
non-gaseous displacement of air- drowning
suffocation: environmental, smothering or infantile asphyxia
choking
mechaniacal asphyxia (traumatic, positional, internal)
erotic asphyxia

Question 9

Describe evidence of the 3 types of contact GSW wounds.

Answer 9

tight contact: skin splitting +/- muzzle stamp

loose: usually no skin splitting +/- muzzle stamp
near: soot in wound with or without stippling

Question 10

Name 4 types of death by strangulation.

Answer 10

manual strangulation
ligature strangulation
hanging
autoerotic asphyxia

Question 11

Name 4 types of death by strangulation.

Answer 11

manual strangulation
ligature strangulation
hanging
autoerotic asphyxia

Question 12

How does ethylene glycol causes damage to the proximal convoluted tubules?

Answer 12

cause oxalate crystal formation in the PCT

Question 13

What is the cause of death commonly in a cocaine intoxication?

Answer 13

vasospasm of the coronary artery or arrhythmia; causes disease of the arteries

Question 14

What type of injury does a scissors cause?

Answer 14

bi-ellipse

Question 15

What is the rule of 9s?

Answer 15

9 areas have 9% of surface area each: front or back of each leg, upper and lower torso on either side, whole arm (each) and head + 1% genital area

Question 16

Ferrning is a lesion that is specific to what mechanism of injury?

Answer 16

electrocution, usually lightening strike

Question 17

Define hyperthermia and hypothermia.

Answer 17

hyperthermia, core temp exceeds 106F

hypothermia, core temp below 95 (often hyperemia over major joints)

Question 18

Describe evidence of the 3 types of contact GSW wounds.

Answer 18

tight contact: skin splitting +/- muzzle stamp

loose: usually no skin splitting +/- muzzle stamp
near: soot in wound with or without stippling (punctate lesions from burned and unburned powder)

Question 19

Name 4 types of death by strangulation.

Answer 19

manual strangulation
ligature strangulation
hanging
autoerotic asphyxia

(classic sign is punctate hemorrhage of the inside of the conjunctiva or on the lips

Question 20

Ferrning is a lesion that is specific to what mechanism of injury?

Answer 20

electrocution, usually lightening strike

many die from the initial strike due to respiratory failure or arrhythmia

Question 21

Describe the classic electrocution injury.

Answer 21

targetoid lesion with central induration, outer layer of pallor and then erthythema

Question 22

What are Beau’s lines?

Answer 22

sign that patient survived significant illness (can see retarded and continued nail growth)

Question 23

T/F Choking and strangulation are the same thing.

Answer 23

false, choking is due to internal physical airway obstruction