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CCHM 311 > Chemical and Enzymatic methods > Flashcards

Chemical and Enzymatic methods Flashcards

1
Q

Reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ions forming
cuprous oxide in hot alkaline solution by glucose.

A

Alkaline copper reduction method

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2
Q

Cuprous lons + Phosphomolybdate
= Phosphomolybdic Acid or Phosphomolybdenum Blue

A

Folin Wu method

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3
Q

Cuprous lons +
Arsenomolybdate
=Arsenomolybdic Acid or Arsenomolybdenum Blue

❑Accurate but labor intensive and difficult to automate

A

Nelson Somogyi method

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4
Q

Cuprous lons + Neocuproine = Cuprous-Neocuproine Complex (Yellow or Yellow
Orange)

A

Neocuproine method

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5
Q

Modification of Folin Wu
❑It is used for the detection and quantitation
of reducing substances in body fluids like
blood and urine.

A

Benedict’s method

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6
Q

stabilizing agents of benedict

A

tartrate
citrate

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7
Q

❑It involves reduction of a yellow ferricyanide
to a colorless ferrocyanide by glucose
(Inverse Colorimetry).

A

Hagedorn Jensen

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8
Q

Ortho-toluidine (Dubowski
Method)
❑Glacial HAC heat/AC
Schiff’s base

A

Condensation method

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9
Q

Acts on glucose but not on other sugars and
not on other reducing substances.

A

Enzymatic methods

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10
Q

Glucose oxidase method measures:

A

B-D glucose
Csf
Urine glucose

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11
Q

Glucose + O2→gluconic acid +

A

H2O2

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12
Q

H2O2 measurement methods:

A

Trinder’s
Peroxidase

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13
Q

Hydrogen peroxidase measurement methods

A

Trinder
Peroxidase

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14
Q

initially colorless but when
exposed to O2 becomes orange-brown

A

Ortho-dianisidine method

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15
Q

It measures rate of oxygen consumption
which is proportional to glucose
concentration.

A

Polarographic Glucose oxidase

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16
Q

The hydrogen peroxide is prevented from reforming oxygen by adding:

A

Molybdate
Iodide
Catalase
Ethanol

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17
Q

• It is the most specific glucose method;
reference method.

A

Hexokinase method

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18
Q

Additives used for specimen in hexokinase

A

EDTA
heparin
fluoride
oxalate
citrate

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19
Q

Besides form plasma, what ate other samples used in hexokinase?

A

urine
CSF
serous fluids

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20
Q

Enzyme involved in hexokinase method

A

Glu-6-PD

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21
Q

Substances responsible for false decreased values in glucose oxidase method

A

bilirubin
ascorbate
uric acid
glutathione
methyldopa
creatinine
l-cystine
l-dopa
dopamine
citric acid

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22
Q

True or False. Hexokinase method is not affected by the presence of ascorbic acid or uric
acid.

A

True

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23
Q

true or false. Hexokinase method is not affected by the presence of ascorbic acid or uric
acid

A

true

24
Q

❑In this method, glucose is reduced to produce a
chromophore that is measured
spectrophotometrically or an electrical current

A

Glucose dehydrogenase method

25
Q

this is added to shorten the time
necessary to reach equilibrium.

A

mutarotase

26
Q

• It is effective in reducing the rate of
development of diabetic complications

A

Dextrostics

27
Q

❑It is requested during insulin shock and hyperglycemia
ketonic coma.

A

RBS

28
Q

It is a measure of overall glucose homeostasis.
❑Requirement: NPO (Non-Per Orem) at least 8 hours
before the test

A

FBS

29
Q

❑It measures how well the body metabolizes glucose.

A

2-Hour PPBS

30
Q

It is a multiple blood sugar test

It is not generally recommended for routine
clinical use in the diagnosis of diabetes.

A

GTT

31
Q

GTT is for diagnosis of:

A

Gestational diabetes

32
Q

two methods under OGTT

A

Janney-Isaacson Method

Exton Rose Method

33
Q

single dose method

A

Janney-Isaacson Method

34
Q

Divided Oral Dose or Double
Dose method

A

Exton Rose Method

35
Q

It is used for DM patients with
gastrointestinal disorders.
– Fasting blood sample is also required

A

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
(IVGTT)

36
Q

criteria for FPG:
Non diabetic
Impaire PG
DM

A

100
100-125
>126

37
Q

Categories of OGTT:

Normal/Non-diabetic
Impaired GTT
DM

A

2-hr PG < 140mg/dl
2-hr PG 140-199
mg/dl
2-hr PG
>200mg/dl

38
Q

Formation of a hemoglobin compound which is produced
when glucose reacts with the amino group of hemoglobin

A

Glycosylated hb

39
Q

Increased Glycosylated Hb

A

Pregnancy in 2nd and 3rd trimester and DM

40
Q

Decreased gkycosylated hb

A

Hemoglobinopathies, blood loss, transfusion, Hemolysis

41
Q

Also known as GLYCATED ALBUMIN

A

Fructosamine

42
Q

Inborn errors of CHO metabolism

A

Galactosemia
Lactose intolerance
Glycogen storage disease

43
Q

Group of inherited disorders impairing the ability
of the body to process and produce energy from
galactose

A

galactosemia

44
Q

characterized by
complete deficiency of Signs and symptoms
include liver dysfunction, susceptibility to
infections, failure to thrive and cataracts

A

classic galactosemia

45
Q

Impairs ability of liver to produce free glucose
from glycogen in glycogenolysis and also
affects gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogen storage disease

46
Q

Most common GSD; results from deficiency of
glucose 6 phosphatase

A

GSD Type 1 or Von Gierke disease

47
Q

Gastrointestinal condition characterized by
low levels of lactase in the small intestine

A

Lactose intolerance

48
Q

refers to diabetes occurring as a result of the diseases of exocrine pancreas

A

Type 3C DM

49
Q

other names of type 3c dm

A

– Pancreatogenic or
– pancreatogenous diabetes mellitus.
– Pancreatic diabetes.
– Pancreoprivic diabetes.

50
Q

causes of type 3c diabetes

A

• Chronic pancreatitis.
• Acute pancreatitis.
• Pancreatic cancer.
• Hemochromatosis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Pancreatectomy

51
Q

give the minor criteria for type 3c

A

– Impaired β-cell function
– No excessive insulin resistance
– Impaired incretin or pancreatic polypeptide secretion.
– Low serum levels of lipid (fat) soluble vitamins (A, D, E, or K).

52
Q

most commonly detected; glucose attached to one
or both N terminal valine of the beta polypeptide chain of
normal adult Hb

A

HbA1c

53
Q

Specimen requirement of Glycosylated Hb

A

EDTA whole blood

54
Q

Fructosamine is useful for monitoring diabetes with:

A

Chronic Hemolytic anemia
Hemoglobin variants

55
Q

Most common and most severe type of galactosemia

A

Galactosemia type 1

56
Q

Causes of lactose intolerance

A

gastrointestinal discomfort
cramps
diarrhea

CCHM 311 (3 decks)

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