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Chemistry Hesi > Chemi > Flashcards

Chemi Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

the study of the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

Matter

A

anything that takes up space and has a mass

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3
Q

Mass

A

measure of matter that an object contains

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4
Q

substance

A

matter that has a definite or constant composition and distinct properties

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5
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities

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6
Q

Compound

A

a substance combined of two or more elements

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7
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means

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8
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

a uniformed mixture

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9
Q

heterogeneous

A

not a uniformed mixture

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10
Q

solvent

A

dissolves the solute

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11
Q

Solute

A

added to the solvent

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12
Q

solution

A

homogeneous mixture consisting of a solvent and solute

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13
Q

atomic number

A

protons

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14
Q

mass

A

protons and neutrons

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15
Q

Freezing water

A

0 C and 32 F

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16
Q

Normal Body temp

A

37 C and 98.6 F

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17
Q

Boiling water

A

100 C and 212 F

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18
Q

celsius to fahrenheit

A

F = °C × (9/5) + 32

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19
Q

F to C

A

°C = 5/9(°F – 32).

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20
Q

Ions

A

when an atom is electrically charged. When an ion is in a ionic state it will lose or gain electrons.

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21
Q

Cation

A

Positive charged
Gains protons looses electrons

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22
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge
Loses protons gains electrons

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23
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of the same element with different mass numbers

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24
Q

chemical change

A

original substance is transformed into a new substance with different properties

example: burning of wood and then the wood turning into ashes

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25
Q

Physical change

A

transformation that does not produce a new substance
Example: Cutting fruit

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26
Q

Mole

A

Amount of substance that contains 6.02*10^23 particles

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27
Q

mixtures

A

consist of 2 or more substances that our Not chemically bonded

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28
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Uniformly distributed

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29
Q

Heterogenous

A

mixture not uniformly distributed
example: Pizza, Rock, Vegtable soup

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30
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves the solute

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31
Q

Solute

A

added to the solvent

32
Q

Solution

A

homogenous mixture consisting of solvent and solute

33
Q

Periodic table

A

Arranged in groups and periods
Group number shows how many electrons are in a shell
Groups ( Up and Down) Vertical
Periods ( left to right) horizontal
Heavy metals are at the bottom, lighter metals are at the top

34
Q

Alkali Metals

A

Far left of periodic table
lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr)

35
Q

Alkaline

A

Left of periodic table
beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

36
Q

Transition metals

A

Middle of periodic table
Scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), lawrencium (Lr), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), rutherfordium (Rf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), dubnium (Db), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), seaborgium (Sg), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), bohrium (Bh), iron (Fe), …

37
Q

Metalloid

A

Right side of periodic table
antimony (Sb), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), arsenic (As), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po), boron (B), and astatine (At).

38
Q

Halogens

A

fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).

39
Q

Noble gases

A

Far right
helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).

40
Q

stioichiometry

A

part of chemistry that deals with the quantities and numeric relationships of the particles in a chemical reaction
AB+CD»»»ABCD
recant products

41
Q

oxidation and reduction

A

oxidation and reduction reactions are called redox it involves the transfer of electrons from one element to another
OIL ( oxidation is lost)
RIG ( reduction is gained)

42
Q

oxidation of any element is what?

A

zero in its natural state there are a few exceptions hydrogen, oxygen, bromine, nitrogen, fluorine

43
Q

Acids (+)

A

Corrosive to metals
Hydrogen donors

44
Q

Base (-)

A

Denatures proteins
Hydrogen receptors

45
Q

alpha waves

A

the emission of the helium nuclei: pass thru paper and skin

46
Q

Beta waves

A

A product of the decomposition of a neutron. Can pass thru aluminum

47
Q

Gamma Wave

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation similar to x-rays but more energy. Very penetrating. Can go through 7 feet of concrete and lead.

48
Q

What are the 4 macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids (COOH), Nucleic Acids, Protien

49
Q

Mono

A

1

50
Q

saccharide

A

sugar

51
Q

Di

A

2

52
Q

Oligo

A

3-6

53
Q

poly

A

many

54
Q

covalent bond

A

formed when two atoms share electrons, generally in pairs
ex. H2O

55
Q

Ionic Bond

A

an electrostatic attraction between two opposite charged ions or cation, anions generally formed between a nonmetal and a metal
example: Na+Cl»»NaCl

56
Q

intermolecular forces types

A

hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, dispersion

57
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

attraction for a hydrogen atom by high electronegativity elements. Involves fluoride, oxygen and nitrogen
example: H2O, NH3, CHCl3

58
Q

Dipole-Dipole

A

the attraction of diploid one molecule for the diploid of another molecule. When electrons are shared unevenly

Salt
Polar compound
ionic compound

59
Q

dispersion

A

when the. electrons concentrate themselves on one side of an atom which causes a momentarily temporary dipole
example: Use of carbon and hydrogen

60
Q

5 types of chemical reactions

A

Synthesis, single replacement, decomposition, combustion, double replacement

61
Q

Synthesis

A

two events combine to form a product
two compounds form to make a single product
A+B»AB

62
Q

Decomposition

A

Breakdown of a compound into components parts
AB»A+B

63
Q

Combustion

A

chemical reactions ( burning of gases). Always contains CO2 and H20

64
Q

single replacement

A

Consists of more than one active metal reaction with ionic compounds. One element starts out by itself and ends up kicking another element out.

A+BC»>B+AC

65
Q

Double replacement

A

reactions that involves two ionic compounds. the positive involve two ionic compounds. The positive and negative ions in two compounds switch places.

AgNO3+KCl»>AgCl+KNO3

66
Q

how to find mass given density and volume

A

multiply

67
Q

To find density it’s

A

mass/volume

68
Q

To find volume you?

A

Divide mass/ density

69
Q

what is a catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

70
Q

how many total amino acids are needed for the human body to produce all the proteins needed

A

20 amino acids

71
Q

what is the oxidation number of oxygen

A

-2

72
Q

general formula of a carbohydrate

A

(CH2O)n

73
Q

what does ph measure

A

the concentration of hydrogen ions

74
Q

which of the following is emitted during beta decay

A

electron

75
Q

isotope

A

Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutrons

76
Q

why does increasing the surface area of reactants or catalyst increase the rate of a reaction

A

it increases the likelihood of molecules encountering one another

77
Q

elements in the modern periodic table are arranged by increasing what

A

atomic number

Chemistry Hesi (2 decks)

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