Chemestry for Engr Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that ocupy space and has volume.
Properties of matter
Intrinsic Extrinsic Intensive Extensive Physical Chemical
Intrinsic?
Permanent like salt’s taste, Salty
Extrinsic
Not permanent. Varies of the object, volume depends on mass and density
Intensive
Measurable but not dependent on the amount
ex. Boiling point
Extensive
Measurable and varies to the amount
ex. Size
Physical Change?
Change that happen and can be observed ex. Liq to Gas- Evaporation Gas to liq - Condensation Liq to sol- Solidification Sol to liq - Melting Gas to sol - Deposition Sol to gas - Sublimation
Chemical Change
ex.
Fe + O(2) = 2Fe(3)O(3) rusting
envolves combomation of elements to form new.
Classification of matter
Pure substance which can be devided to 2, Elements and Compound, Under Elements there are 3, Metals, Metalloids, Nonmetals.
and the second one is Mixture which is devided to 2, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous, Under Homo is Solution and under Hetero is Colloids and Sunpensions.
What is 7 SI?
The 7 international standard for base units
What are the 7 SI?
Mass(kg) Time(s) Length(m) Temperature(K) E. current(A) No. of particles(mol) light intensity(cd)
Quantity of matter contained in an object (process by weighing)
Mass
Force that gravity exerts on an object
Weight
What is Lenght(m) cubed
Volume
Intensive property; ratio of an object’s mass to its volume
Density
How to get the volume of an Iregular shape?
Water displacement method
Density formula
D=M/V
Mass formula
M=D×V
Volume formula
V=M/D
F° To C°
F°=(1.8 × C°) + 32
C° to F°
C°=(F°-32)÷1.8
- K to C°
2. C° to K
- C°+273.15
2. K-273.15
Malapit sa target pero ung tama di magkakadikit
Accuracy
Malapit sa target at the same time malapit din sa isa’t isa
Precision
Refers to the largely emperical description
Models
Assumption about the behavior of a system
Theory
Widely accepted, well defined, well tested theories
Laws
3 levels of understanding
in learning chemistry
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Symbolic
Units
Designate the type of quantity measured
Ex. Mass - Kg
Kg is the unit
Prefixes
The scale added to the base units
Ex. 100 kg
Kilo is the prefix scale given in grams
Derived units
combination of base units
Scientific notation
Use to write very small or very large numbers.
Errors in the measurements
Ramdom error- Measurement that is Randomly too high or to low (associated with equipnent limitation)
Systematic error- Measurement that is Consistently too high or to low (pressence of impurity)
Atom
Basic unit of element
From the greek word atomos
means uncuttable indivisible by Democritus
Jhon Dalton
1808
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms
Chemical reaction only involves the separation, Combination and Arangement; not destructed or created
Joseph Jhon Thomson
1897
Discovered electron
Plum pudding model 1904
electron were distributed throuout the atom.
Earnest Rutherford
Gold foil experiment or geiger-marsden experiment
Discovered atomic nucleus
James Chadwick
Discoverd Neutron 1932
Neil Bohr model of an atom
Nucleus Centermost part where protons and nuetrons are located.
Energy level/orbit/shell- where electrons are located
Valence electrons- electrons in the outermost energy level
Modern atomic model
Electrons are clouds of (-) charge sorrounding Nuclues
Scanning and tunneling microscope
invented by Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer
an instrument for imaging surfaces of thr atomic level
Atomic Number
Number of protons in a nucleus
if atom is nuetral: No. of protons is= No. of electrons
Mass number
Sum of protons and nuetrons
Isotopes
Atom that have the same atomic no. bit different mass no.
Isotopic abundance
Mass percentage of an isotope in an naturally occuring element.
Atomic mass
Also known as atomic weight
Atomic mas unit (amu)
exactly equal to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12 atom
Ability to conduct electricity
- Electrolytes-Aqueous solution that are capable of conducting electricity (Exist as Ions)
- Non-Electrolytes-Aqueous solutions that doesnt conduct electricity(Nuetral molecules)
Oxides
Contains oxygen
Salt
Ionic compound containing Cation except H+
and Anion except OH
produced by nuetralizing acid and base.
Ions
Charge particles
formed when electrons are lost or gained
Cation
electron lost; Net positive charge
Anion
Electron is gained; Net negative charge
Mono atomic
Poly atomic
Single atom
group of atoms
Molecules
aggregate of atleast 2 atoms; Electrically nuetral
Diatonic mol
Polyatomic mol
Containing 2 atoms of the same element(H(2))
or different element (CO)
Contains more than 2 atoms (H20,NH3)
