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chemistry103 > chem103 > Flashcards

chem103 Flashcards

1
Q

Given the three compounds: (i) Acetic acid (ethanoic acid), (ii) 2-hydroxyethanal (iii) methyl formate (methyl methanoate), which are constitutional (structural) isomers of one another?

A

They are all constitutional isomers of one another.

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2
Q

Which of the compounds below is a secondary alcohol that is infinitely water-soluble (ketone)

A

2-propanol

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3
Q

The compounds arranged so that their boiling points decrease from left to right (highest to lowest) are:

A

Pentanol, Propanol, Methyl ethyl ether, butane

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4
Q

In the following pairs of compounds (dissolved in water) ______ is acidic and ______ is basic.

A

Formic acid (acidic), methylamine (basic)

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5
Q

Esters are synthesized from two classes of organic compounds. These two types of compounds are:

A

Alcohols and carboxylic acids

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6
Q

Oxidation of aldehyde

A

Carboxylic Acid

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7
Q

If the “pendant” group attached to the main chain of the polymer is hexyl, the polymer must be poly-1-

A

Octene (6+2=8)

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8
Q

A polyester can form from

A

A carboxylic acid and an alcohol

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9
Q

When heated to its glass transition temperature, Tg, polyethylene

A

Becomes softer and more flexible

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10
Q

The combination of 1,8-diaminoctane and suberic acid (diacid shown below) produces Nylon-

A

8,8

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11
Q

The specific rotation of D-tartaric acid is -12.0. What will the specific rotation be for L-tartaric acid?

A

+12.0

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12
Q

Of the following compounds, the one which exhibits optical isomerism is:

A

2-chloropropanoic acid

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13
Q

Flash paper (nitrocellulose) is made by converting some of the _____ groups of the. B-D-glucose repeating unit in cellulose to ____ groups.

A

Hydroxy,nitro

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14
Q

Fats belong to the class of compounds called ______, which are very soluble in _______

A

Lipids; nonpolar solvents

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15
Q

To form its cyclic hemiacetal pyranose form, the hydroxyl H on carbon number _____ adds to the carbonyl oxygen.

A

5

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16
Q

An unsaturated fatty acid is:

A

CH3(CH2)7CH–CH(CH2)7-COOH

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17
Q

The primary structure of a protein refers to

A

Its sequence of amino acids

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18
Q

The size chain of the amino acid, serine, is -CH2OH. Another name for serine is:

A

2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

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19
Q

The secondary a-helical structure of proteins is held together by ______ bonds

A

Hydrogen

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20
Q

The nitrogen base that is present in RNA but not in DNA is:

A

U (uracil)

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21
Q

The addition of one mole of HBr to one mole of ethene produces:

A

Bromoethane

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22
Q

The octane number of a compound is less than 100. The compound could be:

A

N-Octane

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23
Q

Which set of properties listed best describe the compound chloroform (CHCl3)?

A

Nonflammable and toxic

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24
Q

The lowest molar mass alkene is _____ and the lowest molar mass alkyne is

A

Ethylene, acetylene

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25
Q

The compound 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane is a structural isomer of:

A

Decane (C10H22)

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26
Q

For poly-1-hexene the “pendant” group is

A

Butyl

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27
Q

Soap can be produced by reacting _______ with _________

A

Triacylglycerol (fat), NaOH (aq)

28
Q

Starch is a polymer of __________ and cellulose is a polymer of __________

A

A-D glucose, B-D glucose

29
Q

Of the following compounds the one which is optically active is:

A

2-chloropropanoic acid

30
Q

The reduction of ethanal with H2 produces

A

Ethanol

31
Q

Two components that could be combined to make n-propyl myristate, an ester ingredient in a perfume product are: (myristic acid has 14 C atoms.)

A

CH3CH2CH2OH and CH3(CH2)12COOH

32
Q

In the following pairs of compounds (dissolved in water), _______ is acidic and _______ is alkaline (basic).

A

Acetic acid, ethylamine

33
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Found in all biological molecules
Unique arrangement in a single chain
Secondary structure is depicted as single letters.
Two complementary strands of DNA bind together through complementary base, pairing in an antiparallel fashion.

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribose sugar
Thymine base
Double stranded

35
Q

RNA

A

Ribose sugar
Uracil base
Complex intrastrand structures
Can form ribosomes through catalytic molecules
Usually single strand

36
Q

Fatty acid components

A

Unbranched carboxylic acids
Range from about 10 to 20 carbons
Contain an even number of carbon atoms
-COCH= only functional group. Some have carbon-carbon double bonds.
Most fatty acids have carbon-carbon double bonds, the as-isomers predominate.

37
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Have a nitrogenous base, five membered sugar, 1-3 phosphate groups. EX: Cytosine, ATP, cAMP, NAD+

38
Q

Lipids

A

Non-polar biological compounds (soluble in diethyl ether, dichloromethane and acetone). Heterogenous class of compounds (diverse structures)

39
Q

Steroids

A

Three cyclohexanes and one cyclopentane in a fused ring system.

40
Q

Triglycerides

A

Melting points of fatty acids increases as the number of carbons in the hydrocarbon chain increases. Insoluble in hard water.

41
Q

Oil (triglyceride)

A

Rich in unsaturated fatty acids; liquid at room temperatures

42
Q

Fats (triglyceride)

A

Rich in saturated fatty acids, semi-solid or solids at room temperature

43
Q

Saturated fats

A

Made up of carbon molecules that do not contain any double bonds between the carbon molecules

44
Q

Haworth projection

A

Simple sugars go through an intermolecular reaction to form pyranose or furanose rings.
Strcutural stability is increased
Naming convention changes

45
Q

Monosaccharides made from ketones form

A

Ketoses

46
Q

Simplest ketose

A

Dihydroxyacetone (not usually active)

47
Q

Xylose

A

Naturally in nuts, cannot be metabolized

48
Q

Lyxose

A

Bacteria, rare

49
Q

Alcohol

A

R-OH

50
Q

Ester

A

R-COO-R

51
Q

Amine

A

R-NH2

52
Q

Ketone

A

RCOR

53
Q

Aldehyde

A

R-CHO

54
Q

Amide

A

R-CONH2

55
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

R-COOH

56
Q

Ether

A

R-O-R

57
Q

Carbohydrates

A

C6H12O6
Poly-hydroxy-ketone or poly-hydrox-aldehyde
Di (2) saccharides
Tri (3) saccharides
Oligo (several) saccharides

58
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Large polymers of sugar

59
Q

Monosaccharides

A

One sugar containing an aldehyde (aldoses) or a ketone (ketoses) EX: glucose (a polyhydroxaldehyde), frutose (a polyhydroxyketone)

60
Q

Optical isomerism

A

When substances have the same molecular formula and structural formula. Same formula, different 3D arrangements.

61
Q

Analine

A

Attached to an aromatic ring

62
Q

Amine

A

Nitrogen atoms with a lone pair

63
Q

Properties of Alkynes

A

Non-polar and insoluble in water
Only london-dispersion forces
density is less than water
benzene with 6 carbons = liquid @ room temperature

64
Q

Properties of Alkanes

A

Insoluble in water, low density
Boiling points: Only london-dispersion forces. Relatively low.
BP increases w/size
Methane, propane, butane: gases
Pentane (C5): liquid
Paraffin wax (C20 or more) Solid
Alkanes will float in water
Colorless and odorless

65
Q

Phenols

A

Starting materials for the production of polymers.

chemistry103 (1 decks)

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