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Chemistry > Chem year 10 + 9 > Flashcards

Chem year 10 + 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

chemical change

A

rearranged particles
irreversible

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2
Q

limitations of the particle model

A

spheres
in elastic
solids
forces between
spaces between

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3
Q

isotopes

A

same protons different neurtrons

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4
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest form of ratio

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5
Q

pure substances

A

sharp melting points
only one type of atom

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6
Q

impure substances

A

melts over a range of
more then one type of atom
lower melting points
high boiling points

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7
Q

Filtration

A

insoluble solids from a liquid
filter paper

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8
Q

Crystallisation

A
  • solute
    heat solution until saturated
    crystals start to form, let solution cool
    separate with filter paper
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9
Q

distillation

A

solvent from solution
dependant on boiling points
condenser and boiling stuff

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10
Q

fractional distillation

A

uses fractionating column
two or more substances in liquid state

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11
Q

chromatography paper

A

stationary phase- paper
mobile phase- solvent

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12
Q

chromatography TLC

A

stationary phase- thin layer of silica on glass plate
mobile phase- solvent

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13
Q

gas chromatography

A

mobile phase- carrier gas (inert)
stationary phase- silica powder in metal column

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14
Q

Rf value

A

distance travelled by substance
———————————————
distance travelled by solvent

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15
Q

metals

A

shiny
ductile
malleable
good conductors
high melting and boiling points

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16
Q

ionic compound

A

giant ionic lattice
strong electrostatic forces
metal and non-metals
high melting and boiling points

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17
Q

simple molecules (covalent)

A

single bonds
gas state
low melting and boiling points
weak intermolecular forces

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18
Q

giant covalent structures

A

covalent bond forces
large amount of energy

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19
Q

diamond covalent bonds

A

4

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20
Q

graphite covalent bonds

A

3

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21
Q

silicon dioxide bonds

A

4

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22
Q

polymers

A

made up of monomers

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23
Q

structure of metals

A

positive ions attracted to delocalised electrons
electrostatic forces
high melting and boiling

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24
Q

Mendeleev arrangement of periodic table

A

arranged elements in order of increasing atomic weight
grouped elements with similar properties

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25
Q

current periodic table

A

order of increasing atomic number

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26
Q

allotropes

A

different forms of an element in the same state but with different atomic arrangements

27
Q

nanoparticles

A

particle between 1nm and 100nm

28
Q

conservation of mass

A

mass before and after a reaction will always be the same atoms can’t be created or destroyed

29
Q

avagadros constant

A

6.02x 10(23)

30
Q

moles formula

A

mass= molar mass x amount

31
Q

limiting reactant

A

finding the moles and seeing which is less
determines amount of product formed

32
Q

exothermic and bonds

A

energy transferred to the surroundings
bond forming

33
Q

endothermic and bonds

A

energy transferred from surroundings to reaction
bond breaking

34
Q

oxidation

A

loss off electrons
gain of oxygen

35
Q

reduction

A

gain of electrons
loss of oxygen

36
Q

oxidising agent

A

gets reduced

37
Q

reducing agent

A

gets oxidised

38
Q

acids

A

red orange yellow ph 0- ph6

39
Q

neutral

A

green ph-7

40
Q

alkali

A

ph8-ph14
blues and purples

41
Q

neutralisation

A

H+ + Oh- —> H2O

42
Q

acid + base makes

A

salt and water

43
Q

what is an alkali

A

base that’s dissolved in water

44
Q

acids + carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

45
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen

46
Q

dilute vs concentrated acid

A

dilute acid contains less hydrogen ions
concentrated acid contains more hydrogen ions

47
Q

weak acids

A

partially ionises

48
Q

string acids

A

full ionises

49
Q

electrolysis

A

electric current passes through a compound causing a chemical change

50
Q

solution in electrolysis is called

A

electrolyte

51
Q

anode is

A

positive electrode

52
Q

cathode is

A

negative electrode

53
Q

intert meaning

A

unreactive

54
Q

in electrolysis of a solution

A

if the positive charged substance is less reactive then hydrogen then it will be produced
oxygen is produced unless there is an substance from group 7

55
Q

electroplating

A

cathode—> object you want to coat
anode—>. metal you want to coat the object with
electrolyte is solution containing ions of the coating metal

56
Q

Alkali metals

A

group 1
highly reactive
softer as you go down
density increases
melting point decreases

57
Q

halogens

A

group 7
diatomic
weak intermolecular forces
density + melting and boiling points increase
reactivity decreases

58
Q

noble gases

A

group 0
unreactive
full outer shell
nonmetals
gas state at room temp
forces get stronger/ boiling point increases
density increases

59
Q

transition metals

A

normal metal properties
reactive
stronger / harder
have high density
high melting points

60
Q

less reactive then hydrogen

A

copper
silver
gold
platinum

61
Q

nanoparticle features

A

1-100 nm
bigger then atoms
high sa to v
modify properties of materials
effect on health isn’t fully understood

62
Q

what bond holds polymer chains

A

strong covalent bonds

63
Q

weak forces of polymers

A

held by weak intermolecular forces
free to slide over each other yh er
stretched easily
low melting point

64
Q

strong forces of polymers

A

covalent bonds
high mp
can’t be stretched
cross links hold chain firmly together

Chemistry (5 decks)

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