chem unit 6 Flashcards
ionization energy
minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule
octet rule
the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell
Electronegativity
a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself.
periodic law
a law stating that the elements, when listed in order of their atomic numbers (originally, atomic weights), fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.
ion
any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges.
anion
a negatively charged ion
cation
a positively charged ion
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.
ionic radius
the measure of an atom’s ion in a crystal lattice.
atomic radius trend
decreases from left to right across a period
ionic radius trend
increase as you move from top to bottom down the periodic table, and it tends to decrease as you move left to right across the periodic table.
shielding
When moving to the right of a period, the number of electrons increases and the strength of shielding increases
repulsion
The principle that electron pairs around a central atom tend to orient themselves as far apart as possible.
successive ionization energy
deals with the removal of multiple electrons from a gaseous atom or ion through multiple steps
mendeleev
Russian chemist and teacher, devised the periodic table . He is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a version of the periodic table of elements
