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Sophomore Year > chem unit 2 (map) > Flashcards

chem unit 2 (map) Flashcards

1
Q

atom

A

basic building block of all elements

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2
Q

Dalton contributions

A

discovered that the atom is an indivisible, solid particle

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3
Q

Thomson

A

created the plum pudding model

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4
Q

what is the plum pudding model

A

cloud of + in a sea of -

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5
Q

Rutheford

A

created the nuclear model (discovered nucleus)
gold foil experiment

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6
Q

describe the nuclear model

A

most of the atom is empty space with e- scattered about
dense positive center = nucleus

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7
Q

gold foil experiment

A

shot alpha particles (+) at a gold atom expecting them all to go through BUT some of them were deflected by the nucleus (+)

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8
Q

Bohr

A

created the bohr/planetary model

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9
Q

planetary model

A

electrons are in discrete, quantized energy levels (rings)

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10
Q

Quantum mechanical/modern model

A

orbitals = high probability of finding electrons

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11
Q

states of matter are…

A

solid, liquid, gas

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12
Q

solid atoms are…

A

-closely packed
-organized
-vibrate in place

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13
Q

liquid atoms are…

A

-less organized
-moving
-take shape of container
-more space in between them than solids

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14
Q

gas atoms are…

A

-not organized
-constantly moving A LOT (random)
-MOST space in between them
-fill container they are in

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15
Q

If a compound starts with an H…what is it?

A

An acid!

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16
Q

two types of acids

A

binary and oxy

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17
Q

binary acids

A

do NOT contain oxygen

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18
Q

how to name a binary acid

A

hydro _______ -ic acid

(_______ = short name of element)

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19
Q

how to name a oxy acid

A

NO HYDRO!
-ate —> -ic
-ite —-> -ous

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20
Q

oxy acids

A

contain OXYGEN

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21
Q

ionic compounds are between…

A

M and NM

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22
Q

covalent compounds are between…

A

NM and NM

23
Q

Types of ionic bonds

A

binary, transition metals, polyatomic

24
Q

how to name binary compounds

A

cation —-> anion
drop end and add -ide

25
Q

what comes first in the formula/name? Cation/Anion?

A

CATION

26
Q

how to name transition metal compounds

A

name of trans. metal + roman numerals to indicate charge
name of 2nd element —> -ide

27
Q

compounds have a net charge of what?

A

O

28
Q

how to name polyatomic compound

A

name the metal (cation)
write name of polyatomic using chart

29
Q

how to name covalent compounds

A

name first element —> prefix if 1+
name second element —> prefix and add -ide

30
Q

metal properties

A

-shiny
-malleable
-conductive
-ductive
-react with HCl and CuCl2

31
Q

nonmetal properties

A

-dull
-brittle
-not conductive
-not ductile
-no reaction with HCl and CuCl2

32
Q

metalloid properties

A

properties of both M and NM

33
Q

the metalloid elements are…

A

Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), Astatine (At)

34
Q

what make up atoms?

A

electrons, protons, and neutrons

35
Q

mass of electrons?

A

0 amu

36
Q

mass of protons?

A

1 amu

37
Q

mass of neutrons?

A

1 amu

38
Q

location of protons/neutrons

A

nucleus

39
Q

location of electrons

A

orbitals outisde of the nucleus

40
Q

charge of electrons

A

(-)

41
Q

charge of protons

A

(+)

42
Q

charge of neutrons

A

NONE- neutral

43
Q

what is an isotope?

A

element with SAME number of protons and DIFF number of neutrons

44
Q

what is the mass #

A

protons + nuetrons

45
Q

location of mass #

A

top left of elemental symbol

46
Q

location of atomic #

A

bottom left of elemental symbol

47
Q

what is an ion?

A

a charged particle
protons DO NOT = electrons

48
Q

what is the atomic #

A

number of protons

49
Q

do protons = electrons?

A

yes, if there is NO charge

50
Q

why is light emitted from an element when energy is applied?

A

energy —> excited state
eventually moves back down to group state, releasing photons

51
Q

electromagnetic spectrum is order from lowest energy —> highest energy

A

AM, TV, FM, micro-waves, visible light, UV-rays, X-rays, gamma rays

52
Q

true/false: Red has higher energy than violet

A

FALSE- violet has higher energy

53
Q
A

Sophomore Year (10 decks)

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