chem unit 2 (map) Flashcards
atom
basic building block of all elements
Dalton contributions
discovered that the atom is an indivisible, solid particle
Thomson
created the plum pudding model
what is the plum pudding model
cloud of + in a sea of -
Rutheford
created the nuclear model (discovered nucleus)
gold foil experiment
describe the nuclear model
most of the atom is empty space with e- scattered about
dense positive center = nucleus
gold foil experiment
shot alpha particles (+) at a gold atom expecting them all to go through BUT some of them were deflected by the nucleus (+)
Bohr
created the bohr/planetary model
planetary model
electrons are in discrete, quantized energy levels (rings)
Quantum mechanical/modern model
orbitals = high probability of finding electrons
states of matter are…
solid, liquid, gas
solid atoms are…
-closely packed
-organized
-vibrate in place
liquid atoms are…
-less organized
-moving
-take shape of container
-more space in between them than solids
gas atoms are…
-not organized
-constantly moving A LOT (random)
-MOST space in between them
-fill container they are in
If a compound starts with an H…what is it?
An acid!
two types of acids
binary and oxy
binary acids
do NOT contain oxygen
how to name a binary acid
hydro _______ -ic acid
(_______ = short name of element)
how to name a oxy acid
NO HYDRO!
-ate —> -ic
-ite —-> -ous
oxy acids
contain OXYGEN
ionic compounds are between…
M and NM
covalent compounds are between…
NM and NM
Types of ionic bonds
binary, transition metals, polyatomic
how to name binary compounds
cation —-> anion
drop end and add -ide
what comes first in the formula/name? Cation/Anion?
CATION
how to name transition metal compounds
name of trans. metal + roman numerals to indicate charge
name of 2nd element —> -ide
compounds have a net charge of what?
O
how to name polyatomic compound
name the metal (cation)
write name of polyatomic using chart
how to name covalent compounds
name first element —> prefix if 1+
name second element —> prefix and add -ide
metal properties
-shiny
-malleable
-conductive
-ductive
-react with HCl and CuCl2
nonmetal properties
-dull
-brittle
-not conductive
-not ductile
-no reaction with HCl and CuCl2
metalloid properties
properties of both M and NM
the metalloid elements are…
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), Astatine (At)
what make up atoms?
electrons, protons, and neutrons
mass of electrons?
0 amu
mass of protons?
1 amu
mass of neutrons?
1 amu
location of protons/neutrons
nucleus
location of electrons
orbitals outisde of the nucleus
charge of electrons
(-)
charge of protons
(+)
charge of neutrons
NONE- neutral
what is an isotope?
element with SAME number of protons and DIFF number of neutrons
what is the mass #
protons + nuetrons
location of mass #
top left of elemental symbol
location of atomic #
bottom left of elemental symbol
what is an ion?
a charged particle
protons DO NOT = electrons
what is the atomic #
number of protons
do protons = electrons?
yes, if there is NO charge
why is light emitted from an element when energy is applied?
energy —> excited state
eventually moves back down to group state, releasing photons
electromagnetic spectrum is order from lowest energy —> highest energy
AM, TV, FM, micro-waves, visible light, UV-rays, X-rays, gamma rays
true/false: Red has higher energy than violet
FALSE- violet has higher energy
