chem unit 2

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances.

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.

Question 3

extensive properties

Answer 3

bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system:Mass and volume are extensive properties

Question 4

intensive property

Answer 4

is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system

Question 5

mass

Answer 5

a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.

Question 6

volume

Answer 6

the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container, especially when great.

Question 7

physical property

Answer 7

any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system

Question 8

physical changes

Answer 8

changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition

Question 9

chemical property

Answer 9

any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction

Question 10

chemical change

Answer 10

a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance: The formation of rust on iron is a chemical change.

Question 11

phase of matter

Answer 11

The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Question 12

solid

Answer 12

firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.

Question 13

liquid

Answer 13

a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.

Question 14

gas

Answer 14

an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity.

Question 15

freezing

Answer 15

below 32°F (0°C).

Question 16

melting

Answer 16

make or become liquefied by heat.

Question 17

vaporization

Answer 17

of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor

Question 18

condensation

Answer 18

water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

Question 19

sublimation

Answer 19

When anything solid turns into a gas without first becoming liquid

Question 20

deposition

Answer 20

the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch.

Question 21

pure substances

Answer 21

substances that are made of only one type of atom or only one type of molecule

Question 22

element

Answer 22

each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e., the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.

Question 23

chemical symbol

Answer 23

an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element

Question 24

compound

Answer 24

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.

Question 25

mixture

Answer 25

a substance made by mixing other substances together.

Question 26

homogeneous mixture

Answer 26

An example of a homogeneous mixture is air. In physical chemistry and materials science that refers to substances and mixtures which are in a single phase. This is in contrast to a substance that is heterogeneous.

Question 27

solution

Answer 27

a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).

Question 28

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 28

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that composes of components that aren’t uniform or they have localized regions that all have different properties. Despite the term appearing to be highly scientific, there are various common substances that are heterogeneous mixtures

Question 29

filtration

Answer 29

the action or process of filtering something.

Question 30

distillation

Answer 30

the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.

Question 31

chemical reaction

Answer 31

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

Question 32

reactant

Answer 32

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Question 33

product

Answer 33

the species formed from chemical reactions. During a chemical reaction reactants are transformed into products after passing through a high energy transition state.

Question 34

precipitate

Answer 34

cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.

Question 35

law of conservation of mass

Answer 35

The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.