chem unit 2 Flashcards
Chemistry
the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances.
matter
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
extensive properties
bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system:Mass and volume are extensive properties
intensive property
is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system
mass
a coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.
volume
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container, especially when great.
physical property
any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system
physical changes
changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition
chemical property
any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction
chemical change
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance: The formation of rust on iron is a chemical change.
phase of matter
The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas.
solid
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.
liquid
a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.
gas
an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity.
freezing
below 32°F (0°C).
melting
make or become liquefied by heat.
vaporization
of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor
condensation
water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
sublimation
When anything solid turns into a gas without first becoming liquid
deposition
the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch.
pure substances
substances that are made of only one type of atom or only one type of molecule
element
each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e., the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
chemical symbol
an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element
compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
mixture
a substance made by mixing other substances together.
homogeneous mixture
An example of a homogeneous mixture is air. In physical chemistry and materials science that refers to substances and mixtures which are in a single phase. This is in contrast to a substance that is heterogeneous.
solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
heterogeneous mixture
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that composes of components that aren’t uniform or they have localized regions that all have different properties. Despite the term appearing to be highly scientific, there are various common substances that are heterogeneous mixtures
filtration
the action or process of filtering something.
distillation
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
chemical reaction
a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
product
the species formed from chemical reactions. During a chemical reaction reactants are transformed into products after passing through a high energy transition state.
precipitate
cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.
law of conservation of mass
The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.
