Chem. unit 1 Flashcards
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Gas cylinder (WHMIS)
compressed gas, if exposed to certain temperatures or abuse can explode.
Flame (WHMIS)
Flammable, fire or explosion hazard
Flame over Circle (WHMIS)
Oxidizing materials. May explode or cause fire when exposed to combustibles and flammable substances.
Corrosion (WHMIS)
Can corrode materials and flesh; strong acids and bases are usually corrosive
Skull and Crossbones (WHMIS)
Toxic/poison. Can result in death or serious illness.
Health Hazard (WHMIS)
Serious health effects. Caution, may cause long-term effects if repeatedly exposed. May cause irritation.
Biohazard (WHMIS)
Bacteria, Fungi, viruses, parasites, and overall germs that can result in illness or death.
Exploding Bomb (WHMIS)
Dangerously reactive materials. Explosives and highly unstable material at risk of exploding. Highly reactive
Environment (WHMIS)
Environmentally hazardous, materials that can be toxic or damaging to the environment
Chemicals at home
Hazardous Household Product Symbols (HHPS)
Exclamation Mark (WHMIS)
Less serious health effects, caution, may cause non-immediate health effects in repeatedly exposed.
Niels Bohr
1913 - Planetary model, electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have specific size and energy, energy of the orbit is related to its size, lowest energy found in the smallest orbit
Structure of the Atom
Made up of three different subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons. Central nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by orbiting electrons.
Protons
Found in nucleus, positively charged
Neutrons
Found in nucleus, neutral charge
Electrons
Orbits nucleus, negatively charged
Horizontal Rows
Periods
Vertical Columns
Groups
Group 1
Alkali Metals, shiny solids, soft, malleable and ductile, very reactive, react easily with water
Group 2
Alkali Earth Metals, shiny solids, malleable and ductile, very reactive, react with oxygen to form substances called oxides
Group 17
Halogens, very reactive, react with metallic elements to form salts
Group 18
Noble Gases, inert gases, non-reactive, stable because of their complete electron levels
Metals
Left of dark staircase. solid at room temp., shiny appearance, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable ductile
Metalloids
Border dark staircase. Properties somewhere in the middle of metals and non-metals.
Non-metals
Right of dark staircase. Some gases some solid at room temp., poor conductors of heat and electricity, birttle and not ductile.
Isotope
element that has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Who organized the period table we use today
Mendeleev
Max electrons in energy levels
1st level: 2 electrons
8
8
18
Anions
Gain electrons, non-metals
Cations
Lose electrons, metals
John Dalton
1803 - solid sphere (Billiard or bowling ball model) , matter made up of small particles called atoms, atoms are indivisible, atoms of the same element have the same properties, atoms of different elements have different properties
JJ Thomson
1904 - plum pudding model, an atom is electrically neutral, an atom is made out of a sphere of positive charges with negatively charged electrons embedded in it.
Ernest Rutherford
1911- Nuclear model, atoms are mostly empty space, nucleus- positively charged core, electrons located outside the nucleus
Erwin Schrodinger
1926- Quantum Mechanical Model, electrons dont move around the nucleus, electrons exist in specific energy levels as a cloud, electron cloud is the region of negative charges which surrounds the nucleus
Methane
CH4
Methanol
CH3 OH
Ozone
O3
Sucrose
C12 H22 O11
Glucose
C6 H12 O6
Ammonia
NH3
Water
H2O
