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chem to remember Flashcards

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1
Q

boiling point order

A

Alkenes/alkanes/alkynes, haloalkane, ester, aldehyde, amine, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid, amide

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2
Q

catalyst for halo to alkene/alcohol

A

NaOH

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3
Q

catalyst alkene to alcohol

A

H3PO4 + H2O

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4
Q

catalyst alcohol to aldehyde/ketone

A

KMO4 (potassium permangenate)/ Cr2O7(2-)
H+

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5
Q

catalyst alkene/alkyne to alkane

A

Pt/Ni/Pd, 1 or 2H+

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6
Q

catalyst nitrile to amine

A

Ni/Pd + 2H2

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7
Q

catalyst esterification

A

H2SO4

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8
Q

hydrolysis (reverse ester)

A

dilute acid

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9
Q

alkane to halo alkane

A

UV light

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10
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN under reflux in ethanol

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11
Q

Glucose vs galactose

A

flipped H-OH on c4
glucose OH bottom
galactose OH top

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12
Q

alpha vs beta glucose (formula)

A

alpha c1 OH above plane of ring
beta c1 OH below

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13
Q

alpha vs beta (uses)

A

alpha- starch: amylose (1-4 bonds) and amylopectin (1-4, 1-6); glycogen (1-4, 1-6, highly branched & soluble), compact spirals
beta- linear cellulose (1-4), alternating on c5 CH2OH, microfibrils

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14
Q

Hydrogen fuel equation (steam reforming)

A

1: CH4 + H20-> CO +3H2
2: CO +H20 -> CO2+H2

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15
Q

Steam reforming conditions

A

1: 700-1000C; nickel
2: Cu/Fe

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16
Q

Hydrogen fuel cell half-equations
(acidic)

A

H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- -> 2H2O

17
Q

Hydrogen fuel cell half-equations
(alkaline)

A

O2+2H2O+4e- -> 4OH-
H2+2OH- ->2H2O+ 2e-

18
Q

Haber process conditions

A

450C 200atm iron catalyst

19
Q

Contact process conditions

A

400-450C, 1-2atm

20
Q

Biodiesel conditions

A

60-70C 1-2atm, NaOH or lipase

21
Q

Biodiesel equation

A

triglyceride + methanol -> ester + glycerol

22
Q

dichromate colour change

A

orange to green once alcohol is oxidised

23
Q

manganese colour change

A

purple to colourless once alcohol is oxidised

24
Q

Amino acids at low pH have

A

more NH3

25
Q

electrolysis of copper sulfate

A

Copper is dissolved (oxidised) at the anode and reformed (reduced) at the cathode
Electro refining

26
Q

Teflon characteristics

A

high Mp, flame/chemically resistant, low friction

27
Q

half eq point

A

pH= pKa

chem (2 decks)

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