Chem Test #2 Flashcards
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
2
How many orbitals does a s sublevel contain?
1
How many orbitals does a p sublevel contain?
3
How many orbitals does a d sublevel contain?
5
How many orbitals does a f sublevel contain?
7
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outer-most principal energy level. Typically found in s or p sublevels. In charge of bonding. If there are 8 of them, the atom is stable.
Pauli Exclusion Principal
Only two electrons with opposing spins can reside in a n orbital. Paired electrons always have opposite spins–one arrow up, one arrow down.
First scientist to say that matter is discontinuous and first to use the term atom.
Democritus
Plum pudding model
Also known as Thomson’s model, it says that electrons are the plums in a positively charged pudding.
Rutherford’s Model
Used alpha particles said that there was a nucleus, protons, and that atoms are most space.
Bohrs Model
electrons in atoms move in circular orbits around a central nucleus and can only orbit stably in certain fixed circular orbits at a discrete set of distances from the nucleus. Helped explain line spectra.
Quantum Model
Like an address system.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principal
It’s impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time.
Hund’s Rule
Describes how electrons fill sublevels. (they need their elbow room)
Niels Bhor
Proposed the concept of principal energy levels.
Aufbau Principle
Describes how electrons fill orbitals.
Dalton’s Model
First model to include atoms of each element having different masses
Law of Definite Composition
Shows that any sample of water always contains 8g of Oxygen for every 1g of hydrogen
