Chem test Flashcards
to memorise all the information and have a large understanding of the matereal
what is chemistry
how matter and energy and the energy between them changes
what is matter
something with mass and volume
what is mass
the amount of stuff that makes an object, similar to weight but not affected by gravity
what is volume
The amount of space something takes up
what is an atom
the smallest piece of an element
what are molecules
2+ atoms bonded together (they share valance electrons)
what is an ion
is an atom that is charged positively or negatively (either gaining to losing valance electrons creating a reaction)
hot particles move ________
faster
cold particles move _______
slower
the closer particles get the _________ attraction they have
less
the 3 subatomic particles are
protons, electrons and neutrons
the 6 types of metals from left to right are
Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals, lanthanoids, actinoids, Transitional metals and post-transitional metals
what is the charge and amu of a proton
charge of +1, and 1 amu
what is the charge and amu of an electron
charge of -1, and 1/2000 amu
what is the charge and amu of a neutron
no charge, and 1 amu
the number of p+ is equal to the number of
e-
what is a natural element
elements you find outside in the natural world, like if you walked outside
what is a synthetic element
is an element made in a lab; they are radioactive, and they decay into stable elements. they are all the elements beyond atomic #92
what is the nucleus
is the dense positively charged core of an atom that is made of protons and neutrons
What is a bhor-rutherford diagram?
a way to show what an atom or ion is made of
how you place the electrons on a bhor-rutherford diagram
2,8,8,4
what is an energy shell
it is a ring of electrons
what is a Lewis dot diagram
is the atomic symbol (Li) with the valance electrons around it
what is a valance electron
the electrons on the last ring/outside of the energy shells
how can you find the number of valence electrons
it is the same as the group number
how can you find the number of energy shells on a bhor-rutherford
the number of energy shells is equal to the period number on the periodic table
why is a Lewis dot diagram useful
it helps in predicting the number and type of bonds which can be formed around an atom, it has to do with stabilizing an atom
when you lose or gain electrons your form _____
ions
when when atoms share valance electrons they form ____
molecules
what does it mean if an atom is not stable
it means it does not have a full valance shell
what do you do to show an atom becomes an ion?
you add brackets and then show if it is negative or positive
the fewer electrons you have to move the ______ reactive it is
more
if you need fewer electrons to complete the energy shell the _____ reactive it is
more
what charge do atoms have
they do not have a charge
what charge do ions have
they have a positive or negative charge
metals react when they ______ valance electrons
lose, they have the valance further away
nonmetals react when they ______ valance electrons
gain, they attract other valance electrons
in the bottom left corner of the periodic table, the elements are ______
bigger
what do you call the elements between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table?
metalloids
what are the 2 kinds of nonmetals
reactive nonmetals and noble gases
