chem term 2 topic test Flashcards
what is the kinetic theory of gases
a model about the structure of gases that is used to explain some of the common physical properties and behaviours of gases
explain what temperature is
a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles within a substance
heavier gases have lower speeds
as T increases, Ek increases
kelvin: +273
explain what pressure is
the frequency and force of collisions of the gas particles and the container walls
measures in pascals
standard pressure = 100 kPa
what is boyles law
increasing V of container decreases frequencies of collisions (P)
more space = less chance of a particle colliding with the container walls
inversely proportional relationship:
- double volume –> half pressure
- half pressure –> double volume
what is charle’s law
increasing T of gas increases average Ek and average velocity of the particles
for the pressure to remain constant, the volume will increase.
what are the differences between real gas and ideal gas
IDEAL GAS:
negligible volume
forces of attraction between particles are negligible
REAL GAS:
particles occupy volume
forces of attraction exist between particles
in terms of ionisation, what will happen to a strong, weak and non-electrolyte when dissolved in water
strong: 100% dissociation/ionisation, exist entirely as ions
weak: partial ionisation, exist mostly as molecules but some ions
non electrolyte: exist entirely as molecules; don’t produce ions.
what is a base defined as according to Arrhenius’ theory
a substance that produces hydroxide ions in a solution
what is an acid defined as according to Arrhenius’ theory
a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution
what are the properties of bases
produce hydroxide ions in solutions
taste bitter
soapy feel
caustic
conduct electricity
turn red litmus paper blue
what are the properties of acids
produce hydrogen ions in solution
taste sour
corrosive
conduct electricity
turn blue litmus paper red
