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Science Semester 2 - Y10 > chem - quiz 2 - 2022 > Flashcards

chem - quiz 2 - 2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

For swap and drop: how do you know the charge of the element?

A

The groups (18) determine the valence electrons - hence determining the charge.

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2
Q

What is nitrate?

A

NO3 ^-1

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3
Q

What is sulphate?

A

SO4^-2

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4
Q

What is phosphate?

A

PO4^-3

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5
Q

What is cyanate?

A

CN^-1

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6
Q

What is carbonate?

A

CO3^-2

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7
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

the building up of compounds by combining elements (when two reactants form new product/s)

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8
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

the break down of compounds into simpler substances - often requires energy in the form of electricity or heat energy

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9
Q

What is an acid?

A

It has a pH level of less than 7 - they taste sour and turn litmus paper red. All acids donate a H+ ion to a base.

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10
Q

What is a base?

A

It has a pH level of greater than 7, all bases has a bitter taste, feel slippery and turn litmus paper blue. A base is any compound that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

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11
Q

What is a neutralised reaction?

A

When an acid and a base are mixed together, the H+ and the OH- combine to make water, the remaining ions form a metal salt. Water is considered neutral (pH of 7)

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12
Q

Acid + metal = ?

A

Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

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13
Q

Acid + base = ?

A

Acid + base = water + salt

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14
Q

Acid + carbonate = ?

A

Acid + carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Acid + metal oxide = ?

A

Acid + metal oxide = metal salt + water

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16
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

The concentration of an acid is how many molecules of the acid is present in each litre of the solution. A highly concentrated acid has very little water present : e.g., 10M HCl.

17
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

The strength of an acid is a measure of how readily it is willing to give a hydrogen ion to a base.

18
Q

Observations of a chemical reaction?

A
  • colour change
  • odour produced
  • temperature change
  • precipitate formed
  • gas produced/bubbles
19
Q

What does it mean if a compound is soluble?

A

It can dissolve in a liquid solvent.

20
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

When two soluble ionic compounds are mixed together to form a precipitate - that is insoluble

21
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A precipitate is an insoluble compound that is formed from a reaction of two ionic compounds

22
Q

Where are precipitate reactions used?

A

Chemists can use them to find out which chemicals are present in a substance or how much of it is present

23
Q

What is a reaction rate?

A

The “speed” at which a reaction occurs

24
Q

How can the rate of a reaction be increased?

A
  1. increase temp
  2. stir the solution
  3. increase concentration
  4. increase surface area
25
Q

How must the molecules in a compound be in order to react?

A

For a reaction to occur, the molecules must collide in the correct orientation

26
Q

How does heat increase the rate of reaction?

A
  • particles speed up = more kinetic energy = more likely to collide with the other particles
27
Q

How does surface area increase the rate of reaction?

A
  • increases likelihood of particles reacting with other particles - also called “state of subdivision”
28
Q

How does agitation/stirring increase the rate of reaction?

A

as the reaction continues, the particles of the reactants get used up, and there are less particles to react with- little collision. to increase this, stirring it, or mixing it can increase the rate of reaction once again

29
Q

How does concentration increase the rate of reaction?

A

more reactant particles in the same volume if there is a higher concentration - more things to collide with

30
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a catalyst is a substance that speed up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction

31
Q

What does a catalyst do?

A

Some catalysts provide a surface on which the reactants can meet in the correct orientation - where they react to form the products. the products are then released from the catalyst, allowing it to be used again

Science Semester 2 - Y10 (3 decks)

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