Chem Quiz 1 Flashcards
Parts of a cell
Plasma membrane
Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
Cytoplasm
What’s microbiology?
Study of small and single called organisms
Who first discovered living organisms under a microscope, Dutch merchant.
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
What’s the battle over spontaneous generation and biogenesis
Can organisms arise from inorganics or do organisms arise from other organisms
What did Redi do
Meat and maggot experiment
What did spallanzani do
Repeated Redi but used hey
What did Louis Pasteur believe
Biogenesis. Organisms in the air get into the infusion and contaminate it
What did Semmelweis do
Used good hygiene to stop spread of disease. puerperal fever - pregnant women)
What did john snow do
Cholera in London, advent of epidemiology
What did Joseph lister do
Disinfection in the surgery room
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
Pasteur - fermentation = sugar — > alcohol w/yeast, beer disease caused by bacteria, stop w/pasteurization.
Koch - postulates. Confirming etiology of disease, 1st w/tuberculosis.
What are eukaryotic cells
Us!!!!!!
What are prokaryotic cells
Lack a nuclear membrane
What are some eukaryotes
Algae, Protozoa
What are some prokaryotes
Bacteria, archaea
What are some acellular organisms
Viruses, prions
What did Paul Erich do
Used an inorganic compound, one was arsenic (as therapies)
What did Alexander Fleming
Discovered certain microbes will release chemicals to kill other microbes. Penicillin. Anti microbial enzyme lysozyme.
Immunology
The study of how eukaryotes defend themselves against pathogens
Edward Jenner…
Intro of cowpox vaccine to prevent smallpox (late 1700’s)
What else did Pasteur do….
Controlled produced of vaccine, take a pathogen and weakening it to use as a vaccine.
Von Behring and kitasato
What protected you was a protein. Discovered antibodies protect from disease. Diphtheria.
Short term Immunity by giving antibodies to unprotected people.
Atom…
Protons, neutron and electrons
Molecules are….
Formed by bonds they are elements
Covalent bond…
Sharing electrons, polar - unequal sharing, nonpolar - equal sharing.
Hydrogen bond…
Between molecules, very weak.
Acid
H+
Base
-OH
What’s an organic molecule
C covalently linked to h
Inorganic molecules
C ionically linked to H
Dehydration synthesis
Pulling water out. (Also knows as a condensation reaction) it’s endothermic
Hydrolysis
Reverse of dehydration synthesis, it’s exothermic, also known as decomposition or degradation rxn
Fats
1) glycerol
2) 3 fatty acids
Saturated fat
All single bonds
Unsaturated fat
Has double bonds
Phospholipid
1) glycerol
2) 2 fatty acids
3) organic phosphate
Waxes
1) alcohol
2) fatty acid
Is agar a nutrient
No it’s just a gelling agent
What type of cell is larger
Eukaryotic cell
Which type of cell has a nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
How is the shape of the cell determined in bacteria
Cell wall
3 common morphological
1) cocci
2) rods (bacillus)
3) spirals
What kind of stain has a positive charge…
What is stained…
A basic stain
The organisms is stained
What kind of stain has a negative charge…
What does it stain
Acidic stain also called the negative stain
The background
Heat fix
Heating the slide and bacteria
Heat fixing is done only with what type of stain
Positive stain
Incubation time
Time allowed for an event to occur
This incubation time allows _______ to replicate and form a ______
Single microbes, colony
Parts of the microscope
Occulars Objectives Stage Mechanical adjustments Condenser Fine and coarse focus Fine
Agar melts at _____ and resolidify at ______ c
100, 42
At what temp do you incubate
35c
What’s resolution
Ability to see two items as two functions of wavelength and numerical apature
Resolving power
Small rp is better than large rp
To increase resolution
Increase the numerical apature or decrease wavelength
Magnification =
Objectives x occulars
