Chem Phys, Misc Flashcards
Molecular bonds in order of strongest to weakest
Covalent, ionic, polar covalent, van der waals
Henrys law
At a constant temp the amt of gas dissolved in a sol is proportional to the partial pressure of a gas over the solution
How temperature effects solubility of a gas
Inc temp= dec solubility
What is ficks law
Law of diffusion, transfer rate of gas through a tissue. Directly prop to partial pressure diff, diff coefficient/solubility, and membrane SA. Inv prop to membrane thickness and molecular weight
Charles’s law
V1/t1= v2/t2
Gay lussacs law
P1/t1= p2/t2
How to memorize what is constant in each relationship w each law
PTV (paid tv) CBG (can be great)
Ohms law
Current= voltage difference or pressure gradient/resistance
Poiseuille’s law
Blood flow= pixradius^4 xpressure gradient / 8xviscosityxlength of tube
Laminar or turbulent: airflow through term bronchioles, med sized airway, glottis, carina
All turbulent except term bronchioles is laminar
Reynolds number calc
Densityx diameter x velocity / viscosity
Which Renolds number laminar v turbulent
Laminar= <2000, turbulent >4000
Bernoulli’s principle
Relationship b/w pressure and velocity of a moving fluid or gas. If fluids velocity is high then pressure on walls is low. If velocity is low then pressure is high
Venturi effect
As air flow moves past a narrowed point the pressure at the point decreases. If the pressure dec below atmospheric p then air is entrained into the tube
Chanda effect
How jet flow attaches itself to a nearby surface and continues to flow along surface even when surface curves away
Law of Laplace
Relationship b/w wall tension, internal p, and radius. Sphere= t=(pxr) / 2. Cylinder= tension= pxr
How exposure to radiation is quantified
Roentgen (R)
Yearly max radiation exposure
5 rem
Yearly mex exposure for fetus of a pregnant woman
0.5 rem or 0.05 rem/month
Safe distance from radiation
6 feet or 0.25mm of lead
Radiation exposure obeys which law
Amt of exposure is inversely prop to the square of the distance of the source. Intensity= 1/distance^2
How to calc radiation exposure at 2 diff locations
Intensity 1/intensity 2= distance 2 ^2 / distance 1 ^2
Boiling point
Temp at which a liquids vapor pressure= atmospheric pressure
Specific heat
Amt heat required to inc the temp of 1g of a substance by 1 degree c
Heat of vaporization
Number of calories requires to vaporize 1 ml of liquid
Latent heat of vaporization
Number or calories required to convert 1g of liquid to vapor without a temp change in the liquid
How to convert between Celsius and kelvin
C= k-273.15. K= C+273.15
How to convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit
C= (F-32) X 5/9. F= (cx1.8) + 32
Boiling point of water
212 F or 100c
Freezing pt water
32 f or 0c
1 mmHg= ____ cm h20
1.36
1 cmh20= ___ mmHg
0.74
1 atm= ___ mmhg= ___torr= ___ bar
760, 760, 1
1 atm= ___kPa= ____cmh20 = ____psi
100, 1033, 14.7
How to calc volumes percent
Vol percent= (partial p/total p) x 100
Overpressurizing a vaporizer is an ex of which law
Henrys law
Mechanisms of heat transfer in order of importance
Radiation, convection, eval, conduction
Number one source of heat loss, where it is lost, how to prevent
Radiation (infrared). Skin. Cover pt
Convection: number of source of heat loss, how it happens
2nd. Wind chill
3 stages of heat transfer in OR
1= redist from core to periphery. II= heat transfer > production. III= transfer= production
Drugs that treat postop shivering
Demerol, clonidine, precedex
Best tube if co2 laser used
Laserflex
Best tube if nd yag laser used
Lasertubus
CO2 laser: structure damaged and color eye protection
Cornea, clear
Structures damaged/color eye protection: nd yag, ruby, argon
All damage retina. Nd yag= green. Ruby= red. Argon= amber
Rule of 9s adults
Head= 10. Each arm 9. Each side of torso is 18. Perineum is 1. Each leg is 18
Rule of 9s peds, age range it sapplies to
19% head. Each side of torso is 16. Each arm is 9.5. Each leg is 15. 1-4 years old
Rule of 9s: how it changes as child grows up
> 1 year, each year of age until 10: decrease head surface by 1% and inc each leg by 0.5%
Why avoid albumin in burns, for how long
First 24 hrs, lost to interstitial space
When to consider transfusion in burn pt
If hct <20 in healthy pt or <30 in cardiac pt
Parkland formula
1st day: 4 ml LR x % Tbsa burned x kg. 1/2 first 8 hrs 1/2 over 16 hrs. 2nd day: d5w maintenance rate, 0.5 ml x %tbsa burn x kg for albumin
Modified Brooke formula
2ml Lr x%tbsa x kg. 1/2 over 8 hr 1/2 over 16 hr. 2nd day same as parkland