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CHE 1110 Morrison > Chem Notes > Flashcards

Chem Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

the study of composition, properties, and interactions of matter, i.e. the study of matter

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2
Q

What 4 elements did the Greeks say matter consisted of?

A

earth
air
fire
water

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3
Q

what method describes how a scientist thinks?

A

scientific method

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4
Q

Chemistry is based on __________ and ____________

A

observation and experimentation

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5
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of observations (educated guess)

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6
Q

Theory

A

well sustained, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

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7
Q

Law

A

theory tested over long periods of time (fleshed out theory)

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8
Q

give an example of how a law can predict the future?

A

the law of gravity predicts that if you drop something it will fall to the ground

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9
Q

phlogiston?

A

part of a theory from the 1600s, was believed that everything contained phlogiston and that if you burn wood the ash is what’s left over after phlogiston is taken out

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10
Q

restricted law

A

is not false, but has a narrower scope

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11
Q

3 areas of data

A
  1. macroscopic domain
  2. microscopic domain
  3. symbolic domain
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12
Q

macroscopic domain

A

everyday things large enough to be sensed directly

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13
Q

microscopic domain

A

something we can see indirectly

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14
Q

symbolic domain

A

specialized language to represent components of macro and micro domains such as chemical symbols

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15
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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16
Q

3 states matter

A
  1. solid
  2. liquid
  3. gas
  4. plasma (newer)
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17
Q

solid

A

has a definite shape and volume

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18
Q

liquid

A

takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume

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19
Q

gas

A

takes the shape and volume of its container

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20
Q

plasma

A

gas of highly energized ions that is difficult to containerize

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21
Q

mass

A

measure of amount of matter in an object (how much there is?)

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22
Q

weight

A

measurement of mass against a force

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23
Q

4 groups of matter

A
  1. heterogenous mixtures
  2. homogenous mixtures
  3. elements
  4. compounds
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24
Q

mixtures…

A

can always be separated

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25
Q
A
  1. mixtures

2. pure substances

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26
Q

mixture

A

composed of 2 or more types of matter present in varying amounts

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27
Q

homogenous

A

uniform composition, visually the same

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28
Q

pure substance

A

comprised of one/more types of matter present in varying amounts; cannot be separated by physical changes

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29
Q

element

A

cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical change

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30
Q

compounds

A

combinations of elements

31
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of an element that has properties of that element and can enter into chemical combinations

32
Q

molecule

A

compound, 2/more atoms connected by bonds

33
Q

law of conservation of matter

A

no change total quantity of matter present when matter converts from 1 type to another

34
Q

4 types of properties

A
  1. physical
  2. chemical property
  3. extensive property
  4. intensive property
35
Q

properties

A

characteristic enables us to distinguish

36
Q

physical property

A

what things look like; characteristic not association with change in chemical composition

37
Q

physical property examples

A

density, hardness, melting and boiling points, conductivity

38
Q

physical change

A

change in state/property of matter without accompanying change in its chemical composition

39
Q

chemical property

A

can’t usually see it; association with chemical composition

40
Q

chemical change

A

change in chemical properties of matter by changes in chemical composition

41
Q

reaction

A

way of measuring chemical changes

42
Q

extensive property

A

depends on amount of matter present (mass, volume, heat)

43
Q

intensive property

A

does not depend on amount of matter present (density, temperature)

44
Q

density is inversely related to what?

A

volume

45
Q

3 parts of a number

A
  1. size/ magnitude of measurement
  2. the unit
  3. indication of uncertainty
46
Q

unit

A

standard for comparison for the measurement

47
Q

2 formats for expressing numbers

A
  1. decimals

2. scientific notation

48
Q

SI unit for length

A

meter

49
Q

SI unit for math

A

kilogram kg

50
Q

SI unit for time

A

second s

51
Q

SI unit for temperature

A

Kelvin K

52
Q

SI unit for electric current

A

ampere A

53
Q

Kelvin does not have degrees because it is an…

A

absolute temperature scale

54
Q

derived units

A

formed from SI base units

55
Q

volume

A

measure of amount of space an object occupies

56
Q

standard SI unit for volume

A

cubic meter

57
Q

density

A

physical property relating the ratio of the mass of a sample to its volume

58
Q

SI unit for density

A

kilogram per cubic meter kg/m^3

59
Q

compound unit

A

combination of several smaller units put together

60
Q

give an example of a compound unit

A

density

61
Q

2 types of numbers

A
  1. exact numbers

2. certain/uncertain digits

62
Q

certain digits

A

are measured by comparing to an actual size

63
Q

uncertain digits

A

digits that are guessed

64
Q

figures that are significant

A
  1. nonzero digits
  2. captive zeros
  3. trailing zeros (if to the right of decimal place)
65
Q

non significant figures

A
  1. leading zeros

2. trailing zeros (when to the left side of decimal place

66
Q

accurate

A

if it yields a result that is very close to the true or accepted value

67
Q

precise

A

if it yields very similar results when repeated

68
Q

percent error is a measure of..

A

measure of the accuracy

69
Q

when adding or subtracting…

A

you take the least number of significant digits

70
Q

when multiplying/dividing

A

you take the least amount of sig figs

71
Q

density

A

ratio of mass of an object to its volume

72
Q

how can you measure mass

A

place object on a balance

73
Q

2 different ways to measure volume

A
  1. equation if a geometric solid -> v=a^3

2. water displacement

74
Q

dimensional analysis

A

based on the premise that the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated conversion factors; ratio fo two equivalent quantities expressed with different units

CHE 1110 Morrison (1 decks)

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