Chem Midterm 3

Question 1

Hund’s Rule

Answer 1

must fill degenerate orbitals first

Question 2

Aufbau Principle

Answer 2

must fill lower energy orbitals before higher energy orbitals

Question 3

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 3

2 electrons per orbital, spins are opposite

Question 4

What are ionic bonds? (generally)

Answer 4

metal-nonmental

Question 5

Compounds are…

Answer 5

net neutral

Question 6

octet rule

Answer 6

atoms in a molecule want to have 8 valence electrons
exceptions: B, Al, Be (less) & P, S Cl, Xe, I, Br (more)

Question 7

Naming Ionic compounds

Answer 7

“Cation- Anion-ide”

Question 8

Ti

Answer 8

Ti 3+ OR Ti 4+ (titanium)

Question 9

V

Answer 9

V 3+ OR V 4+ (vanadium)

Question 10

Cr

Answer 10

Cr 2+ OR Cr 3+ (chromium–> chrom-)

Question 11

Mn

Answer 11

Mn 2+ OR Mn 4+ (manganese)

Question 12

Fe

Answer 12

Fe 2+ OR Fe 3+ (iron–> ferr-)

Question 13

Co

Answer 13

Co 2+ OR Co 3+ (cobalt)

Question 14

Ni

Answer 14

Ni 2+ OR Ni 3+ (nickel)

Question 15

Cu

Answer 15

Cu + OR Cu 2+ (copper–> cupr-

Question 16

Zn

Answer 16

Zn 2+ (zinc)

Question 17

Ga

Answer 17

Ga 3+ (gallium)

Question 18

Ge

Answer 18

Ge 4+ (germanium)

Question 19

As

Answer 19

As 3- (arsenic)

Question 20

Se

Answer 20

Se 2- (selenium)

Question 21

Zr

Answer 21

Zr 4+ (zirconium)

Question 22

Nb

Answer 22

Nb 3+ OR Nb 5+ (niobium)

Question 23

Mo

Answer 23

Mo 6+ (molybdenum)

Question 24

Tc

Answer 24

Tc 7+ (technetium)

Question 25

Ru

Answer 25

Ru 3+ OR Ru 4+ (ruthenium)

Question 26

Rh

Answer 26

Rh 3+ (rhodium)

Question 27

Pd

Answer 27

Pd 2+ OR Pd 4+ (palladium)

Question 28

Ag

Answer 28

Ag + (silver)

Question 29

Cd

Answer 29

Cd 2+ (cadmium)

Question 30

In

Answer 30

In 3+ (indium)

Question 31

Sn

Answer 31

Sn 2+ OR Sn 4+ (tin–> stannic)

Question 32

Sb

Answer 32

Sb 3+ OR Sb 5+ (antimony)

Question 33

Te

Answer 33

Te 2- (tellurium)

Question 34

Hf

Answer 34

Hf 4+ (hafnium)

Question 35

Ta

Answer 35

Ta 5+ (tantalum)

Question 36

W

Answer 36

W 6+ (Tungsten)

Question 37

Re

Answer 37

Re 7+ (rhenium)

Question 38

Os

Answer 38

Os 4+ (osmium)

Question 39

Ir

Answer 39

Ir 4+ (iridium)

Question 40

Pt

Answer 40

Pt 2+ OR Pt 4+ (platinum)

Question 41

Au

Answer 41

Au + OR Au 3+ (gold–> aur-)

Question 42

Hg

Answer 42

Hg + OR Hg 2+ (mercury)

Question 43

Tl

Answer 43

Tl+ OR Tl 3+ (thallium)

Question 44

Pb

Answer 44

Pb 2+ OR Pb 4+ (lead–> plumb-)

Question 45

Bi

Answer 45

Bi 3+ OR Bi 5+ (bismuth)

Question 46

Po

Answer 46

Po 2+ OR Po 4+ (polonium)

Question 47

Ammonium

Answer 47

NH4 + (cation)

Question 48

Acetate

Answer 48

CH3COO-

Question 49

Hypochlorite

Answer 49

ClO-

Question 50

Chlorite

Answer 50

ClO2-

Question 51

Chlorate

Answer 51

ClO3-

Question 52

Perchlorate

Answer 52

ClO4-

Question 53

Nitrite

Answer 53

NO2-

Question 54

Nitrate

Answer 54

NO3-

Question 55

Cyanide

Answer 55

CN-

Question 56

Bicarbonate

Answer 56

HCO3-

Question 57

Permanganate

Answer 57

MnO4-

Question 58

Hydrogen Sulfate

Answer 58

HSO4-

Question 59

Hydroxide

Answer 59

OH-

Question 60

Dihydrogen phosphite

Answer 60

H2PO3-

Question 61

Dihydrogen phosphate

Answer 61

H2PO4-

Question 62

Sulfite

Answer 62

SO3 2-

Question 63

Sulfate

Answer 63

SO4 2-

Question 64

Chromate

Answer 64

CrO4 2-

Question 65

Dichromate

Answer 65

Cr2O7 2-

Question 66

Carbonate

Answer 66

CO3 2-

Question 67

Thiosulfate

Answer 67

S2O3 2-

Question 68

Oxalate

Answer 68

C2O4 2-

Question 69

Hydrogen Phosphate

Answer 69

HPO3 2-

Question 70

Hydrogen Phosphite

Answer 70

HPO4 2-

Question 71

Phosphite

Answer 71

PO3 3-

Question 72

Phosphate

Answer 72

PO4 3-

Question 73

Halogen acid

Answer 73

acid (H usually first) with a halogen in it; named: hydro…ic acid

Question 74

Oxoacids

Answer 74

acid containing O

Question 75

-ate ion oxoacid

Answer 75

…-ic acid eg. nitric acid

Question 76

-ite ion oxoacid

Answer 76

…-ous acid eg. nitrous acid

Question 77

Covalent compounds

Answer 77

two non-metals; “first element name _ prefix + second element name-ide”
*drop extra vowels

Question 78

molar mass

Answer 78

from periodic table

Question 79

mass percent =

Answer 79

mass element / total mass of compound * 100%

Question 80

Empirical formula

Answer 80

simplest whole number ratio

Question 81

Molecular formula

Answer 81

in a singular unit of a compound

Question 82

isoelectronic

Answer 82

has a full valence shell

Question 83

Metallic bonds

Answer 83

cubic in shape, delocalized e’s –> conducting, metals

Question 84

Molecular Orbital Theory

Answer 84

AO combine to make bonds

Question 85

Valence bond Theory

Answer 85

each atom retains its own orbitals, overlap to form bonds

Question 86

the shorter bonds are

Answer 86

the stronger they are
eg. single < double < triple

Question 87

Bond Order

Answer 87

The number of bonds between atoms

BO= 1/2(# of bonding e- – antibonding e-)

Question 88

He MO diagram

Answer 88

1 set of sigma bonding & antibonding

Question 89

Boron MO diagram

Answer 89

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
sigma 2s bonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding

Question 90

Carbon MO diagram

Answer 90

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
sigma 2s bonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding

Question 91

Nitrogen MO Diagram

Answer 91

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
sigma 2s bonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding

Question 92

Oxygen MO diagram

Answer 92

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding

Question 93

Flourine MO diagram

Answer 93

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding

Question 94

Neon MO diagram

Answer 94

sigma 2s anti bonding
pi 2s antibonding
pi 2s bonding
sigma 2s bonding
sigma 1s antibonding
sigma 1s bonding