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prelims > CHEM LEC > Flashcards

CHEM LEC Flashcards

1
Q

cell division of mitochondria

A

binary fission

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2
Q

double membrane bound organelles that has circular dna strands

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

3parts of mitocho.

A

outer, intermembrane, inner membrane

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4
Q

spherical shaped membrane bound organelled formed from golgi, containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

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5
Q

lysosome

A

digest microbes/materials

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6
Q

enzyme which make up the acidity of lysosome, responsible for degrading mat. components

A

acid hydrolases

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7
Q

weblike series of membrames within cytoplasm, for circulation, transport, synthesizes lipid carb and protein, storage

A

er

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8
Q

involved in protein synthesis, free and in rough er

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

modifies, transports, store, protein produced by ribosome

A

rough er

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10
Q

synthesis of lipids (steroids)
storage of calcium in muscles
detox

A

smooth er

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11
Q

3 main regions of golgi

A

cis trans medial

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12
Q

series of membranes,, elongated, flattened, saclike
modifiy,package, sort from ER

A

golgi

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13
Q

transport cellular material

A

vesicles

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14
Q

smaller, spherical membranes formed in ER
detoxification, metabolism, biosynthesis

A

peroxisome

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15
Q

biosynthesis of cholesterol

A

peroxidase

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16
Q

organized network of protein filaments
structural support and organization of cells

A

cytoskeleton

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17
Q

3 parts cytoskeleton

A

microfilament/actin- shape
intermediate- mechanical support (nucleus, plasma m)
microtubules- structural support

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18
Q

most abundant organism on earth

A

prokaryotes

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19
Q

t/f - prokaryotic cells surrounded by plasma membrane

A

true

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20
Q

unfoldings of plasma membrane

A

mesosomes

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21
Q

movement of substance from higher to lower concent

A

diffusion

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22
Q

3 types of diffusion

A

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

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23
Q

cell eating

A

phagocytosis

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24
Q

cell drinking, involves extracellular fluid

A

pinocytosis

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25
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

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26
Q

phases of interphase

A

g1, synthesis, g2

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27
Q

cell inactive in interphase cant go to s phase

A

G0

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28
Q

the first to use the term cell, empty chambers

A

Robert hooke

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29
Q

plants and animal tissues are composed of cells

A

matthias schleiden and theodor Schwann

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30
Q

theory of biogenesis

A

rudolf virchow

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31
Q

anatomy and physiology

A

principles of complementarity

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32
Q

karyo means

A

nucleus

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33
Q

cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

A

cell theory

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34
Q

most abundant organism

A

bacteria

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35
Q

70 to 75 weight of cell

A

water

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36
Q

20 to 30% of cell

A

organic compounds

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37
Q

highest organic compound in cell

A

proteins (15)

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38
Q

carbohydrates in cell

A

2%

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39
Q

4 organic compounds in cell

A

lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates

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40
Q

have membrane bound nucleus

A

eukaryotic

41
Q

MOst common lipid present

A

phospholipid

42
Q

largest, most obvious membrane bound compartment, enclosed with nuclear envelope

A

nucleus

43
Q

most common protein coiled in dna

A

histones

44
Q

surrounds chromatin and nucleoli

A

nucleoplasm

45
Q

interior, isolated, has membrane bound organelles,
cellular process

A

cytoplasm

46
Q

most abundant bioorganism on earth

A

carbohydrates

47
Q

plants carbohydrates

A

75 on dry mass

48
Q

structural on plants (carb)

A

cellulose

49
Q

energy reservoir on plants

A

starch

50
Q

energy reservoir on humans

A

glycogen

51
Q

carbohydrates on average human diet

A

2/3

52
Q

type of sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

53
Q

type of sugar in RNA

A

ribose

54
Q

carbohydrates in plasma membrane

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

55
Q

more than one hydroxyl… (-OH)

A

polyhydroxy

56
Q

carbohydrate that has ketone on structure

A

ketose

57
Q

carbohydrate that has aldehyde on structure

A

aldose

58
Q

carbon present un structure

A

anomeric carbon

59
Q

3carbon

A

triose

60
Q

4 carbon CHO

A

tetrose

61
Q

5carbon CHO

A

pentose

62
Q

6crbon CHO

A

hexose

63
Q

7carbon CHO

A

heptose

64
Q

RCHO

A

aldehyde

65
Q

2 types of isomerism

A

d isomer and L isomer

66
Q

examples of hexose

A

glucose fructose

67
Q

sugars in nucleic acid

A

riibose deoxyribose

67
Q

sugars in nucleic acid

A

riibose deoxyribose

68
Q

formed after hydrolysis

A

monomer units

69
Q

bond between 2 monosaccharides

A

glycosidic linkage

70
Q

examples of poly—

A

starch cellulose glycogen

71
Q

2 types of chirality

A

superimposable and nonsuperimposable mirror image

72
Q

images that coincide at all pts

A

superimposable

73
Q

images that does not coincide at all pts

A

nonsuperimposable

74
Q

atom chiral center

A

c atom

75
Q

atom chiral center

A

c atom
q

76
Q

atom in a mol that has 4 differetn groups bonded to tetrahedral orientation

A

chiral center

77
Q

do not possess handedness

A

achiral

78
Q

atoms are connected in the same way but are arranged differently in space

A

stereoisomerism

79
Q

2 types of stereoisomerism

A

enantiomers and diastereomers

80
Q

most abundant in nature, “dextrose, blood sugar, grape fruit”

A

d-glucose

81
Q

D-Fructose is biochemically the most important
ketohexose. It is also known as levulose and fruit
sugar.

A

d-fructose

82
Q
  1. Milk sugar
  2. Synthesize in human
  3. Used to differentiate between blood types
  4. Six membered cyclic form
A

D GALACTOSE

83
Q
  1. Part of RNA
  2. Part of ATP
  3. Part of DNA
  4. Five membered cyclic form
A

d-ribose

84
Q

other term deoxyribose

A

2-deoxy-D-ribose
2-deoxyribose

85
Q

-OH of C1 and CH2OH of
C5 are on same sides

A

beta form

86
Q

-OH of C1 and CH2OH of
C5 are on opposite sides

A

alpha

87
Q

6 atom ring

A

pyranose

88
Q

5 atom ring

A

furanose

89
Q

a two-dimensional
structural notation that specifies the three-
dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a
monosaccharide.

A

HAWORTH PROJECTION FORMULA

90
Q

Five important reactions of
monosaccharides:

A

Oxidation to acidic sugars
• Reduction to sugar alcohols
• Glycoside formation
• Phosphate ester formation
• Amino sugar formation

91
Q

The redox chemistry
of monosaccharides is closely linked to the
alcohol and aldehyde functional groups present
in them.

A

OXIDATION

92
Q

3 OXIDIZING AGENT

A

WEK STRONG AND ENZYMES

93
Q

3 effects

A
  1. ALDONIC
    ALDARIC
    GLUCURONIC
94
Q

The redox chemistry
of monosaccharides is closely linked to the
alcohol and aldehyde functional groups present
in them.

A

REDUCTION TO SUGAR ALCOHOL

95
Q

an acetal formed from a cyclic
monosaccharide by replacement of the
hemiacetal carbon -OH group with an -OR
group.
The general name for monosaccharide acetals

A

GLYCOSIDE

96
Q

The hydroxyl
groups of a monosaccharide can react
with inorganic oxyacids to form inorganic
esters.
Phosphate esters of various
monosaccharides are stable in aqueous
solution and play important roles in the
metabolism of carbohydrates.

A

PHOSPHATE ESTER FORMATION

97
Q

•Amino sugar formation: An amino sugar -
one of the hydroxyl groups of a
monosaccharide is replaced with an
amino group
•Amino sugars and their N-acetyl
derivatives are important building blocks
of polysaccharides.

A

AMINO SUGAR

prelims (5 decks)

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