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Chem Quest > Chem Lab Final > Flashcards

Chem Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinectics

A

study of how fast reaction rates occur

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2
Q

Chemical Change

A

one or more different properties, the original substance has been transformed to another new substance

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3
Q

Physical Change

A

Does not change any properties but the state of the sample of matter is different.

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4
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

-if a change in properties can be detected

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5
Q

Mass- Action Types

A

Combination- A+B=C
Decomposition: A-> B+C
Displacement (Single): A+BC -> B+AC
Exchange (Double Displace) : AB+CD –> AD +CB

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6
Q

Product- Formation Type

A
  • Gas-Forming -gas is formed
  • Precipitation - When a solid is formed in a reaction
  • Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)- G.E.R, L.E.O
  • Nuetralization (Acid-Base)- Acid +Base = product and H2O
  • Combustion- Oxygen and Energy is a product, H20 typically a product
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7
Q

Solubility Rules -soluble (aq)

A

Group 1 and Ammonium (NH4)
Nitrates, NO3
Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides- Ex with Ag, Hg2(2+), Pb(2+)
Sulfates, SO4(2-) Except for those in Group 2
Chlorates& Perchlorates (ClO3(-) , ClO4(-)
Acetates, CH3COO(-)

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8
Q

Solubility Rules -insoluble (s)

all are insoluble except those of Group 1 and NH4 (Ammonium)

A

Phosphates, PO4(3-) ; Carbonates, CO3(2-); Hydroxides, OH(-); Oxalates, C2O4(2-); Sulfides, S(2-)

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9
Q

Balancing Equations
PRACTICE
wkbook or prelab activity

A

Balance oxygen or hydrogen, whichever one is present in the combined state. Leave until last whichever one is present in the uncombined state. 6. Check that the equation is balanced by counting the number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.

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10
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

-have electrolytes- free ions in solution

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11
Q

Molecular Compounds

A

stays in tact- seperated but not broken, no free ions- no charge- no electricity conducted

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12
Q 
Polyatomic Ions
Ammonium NH4(+)
NO(-), SO(2-), PO(3-)
Hydroxide OH(-)
Cyanide CN(-)
Carbonate CO3(2-)
Oxalate C2O4(2-)
A 
Acetate (C2H3O2(-) or CH3COO(-)
Permanganate MnO4(-)
Chromate CrO4(2-) & Dichromate Cr2O4(2-)
Hypochlorite CIO (-)
Chlorite CIO2(-)
Chlorate ClO3(-)
Perchlorate ClO4(-)
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13
Q

Factors that influence Reaction rates (kinetics)

A

Concentration of reactants, temperature and the presence of a catalyst.

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14
Q

For a reaction to occur (Kinetics)

A

Reactants must collide effectively and then combine to form new substances.
-The greater the number of particles (the high the concentration) and the higher the temp. (the more rapid and more energetic the motion of the particles), the faster the reaction.

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15
Q

Kinetics Lab (General Idea)

A

To manipulate and observe the effects of temperature and concentration on reaction rates (or kinetics)

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16
Q

Saponification

A

The process of making soap.

17
Q

Two main ingredients to making soap:

A

1) A fat or oil (i.e. Tallow or Coconut oil) TRIGLYCERIDES

2) Base so NaOH or KOH

18
Q

What is the purpose of adding sat. NaCl solution to a soap solution?

A

The purpose is to form a precipitate, which does this by making the soap solution more polar which forces the Sodium out.

19
Q

Why is ethanol added to the soap-forming reaction mixture?

A

The ethanol acts as the surfactant which helps the oil bond to the H2O

20
Q

A byproduct is formed when prepping the soap.

A

Glycerol builds up during the procedure.

21
Q

Why did we wash the filtered soap?

A

To push out the Na - Sodium leaving behind the precipitate.

22
Q

Water aspirator

A

detach the tubing before turning off the water so that the leftover water doesn’t get sucked into the tube.

23
Q

Why is soap made with Coconut Oil softer?

A

Because the chain of carboxylic acid is shorter making it softer.

24
Q

Acid (H+ concentration

A

a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.

25
Q

Strong Acid

A

Completely dissolves in dissociation

26
Q

Base (OH- concentration)

A

a chemical sub. that neutralizes acids, turns litmus paper blue

27
Q

Ph and acidity depends on

A

1) the type of material it is
2) its concentration
3) the degree of dissociation

28
Q

Strong Base

A

Completely dissolves in dissociation

29
Q

Nuetral

A

Acid- base reactions neutralize but ph 7 is nuetral (Ie pure water)

30
Q

Acids and Akalis the ph scale

A

8-10 : Akaline Bases -
12 Ammonia
14 drain cleaners
9 baking soda

0-6 Acidic 
0 battery acid
1 stomach acid
3 soda
5 black coffee
31
Q

Acid Base indicators are…

A

Litmus Paper and ph paper

Litmus (red to blue -base) (blue to red- acid)

32
Q

NaOH -Strong base

A

HCl -strong acid

33
Q

phenolphthalein

  • colorless in acidic solutions
  • pink in basic
A

is a chemical compound with the formula C₂₀H₁₄O₄ and is often written as “HIn” or “phph” in shorthand notation. Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations.

34
Q

Motives for Junk Science

A
  • fit and agenda
  • gold and glory
  • build a bureaucracy (power)
  • Political motives
35
Q

How to avoid junk science

-follow the money

A

submit to a medical journal where a panel will review the science.

36
Q

Junk science in current society

A

E-cigs and crazy wrap things

Chem Quest (9 decks)

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