Chem II: Final

Question 1

exploits the effect of concentration changes on cel potential

Answer 1

a concentration cell

Question 2

as long as the concentrations of the solutions are different, the cell potential is — and the cell can do work

Answer 2

greater than 0

Question 3

the cell is no longer able to do work when —

Answer 3

the concentrations are equal

Question 4

monitors the [H+] of the solution relative to its own fixed internal [H+]

Answer 4

glass electrode

Question 5

uses electrical energy from an external energy from an external source to drive a nonspontaneous redox reaction

Answer 5

electrolytic cell

Question 6

electrons flow from — to —

Answer 6

cathode to anode

Question 7

the spitting of a substance by the input of electrical energy

Answer 7

electrolysis

Question 8

the amount of substance produced at each electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of charge flowing through the cell

Answer 8

Faraday’s law of electrolysis

Question 9

a battery consists of —

Answer 9

self-contained voltaic cells arranged in series, so their individual voltages are added.

Question 10

— cannot be recharged. the battery is dead when it reaches equilibrium

Answer 10

primary battery

Question 11

is rechargeable. electrical energy is supplied to reverse the cell reaction and form more reactant

Answer 11

secondary battery

Question 12

in a — cell, reactants enter the cell and products leave, generating electricity through controlled combustion

Answer 12

fuel cell or flow cell

Question 13

the process whereby metals are deteriorated via an electrochemical process

Answer 13

corrosion

Question 14

the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half of its initial concentration

Answer 14

half life

Question 15

focuses on the importance of effective molecular collisions

Answer 15

collision theory

Question 16

focuses on the high energy species (called the transition state) that forms during effective molecular collisions

Answer 16

transition state theory

Question 17

affects the number of collisions

Answer 17

concentration and temperature

Question 18

all reactions require a minimum amount of energy to produce effective collisions. This is the —

Answer 18

activation energy

Question 19

the lower the activation energy, the — the rate

Answer 19

faster

Question 20

an effective collision between particles leads to the formation of a — or —

Answer 20

transition state or activated complex

Question 21

the sequence of a single reaction steps that make up the overall equation

Answer 21

mechanism

Question 22

the individual steps of the reaction are called — bc each one describes a —

Answer 22

elementary steps

single molecular event

Question 23

formed and then consumed during the course of the reaction; not as stable as reactants or products; more stable than transition states; super reactive

Answer 23

intermediates

Question 24

the slowest step in a reaction is the — step

Answer 24

rate-limiting step

Question 25

a mechanism is a —

Answer 25

hypothesis

Question 26

speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering the total activation energy

Answer 26

catalyst

Question 27

higher bond order = — activation energy

Answer 27

higher