Chem Fundamentals Flashcards
Matter composed of one kind of atom is called an _________.
Element
The smallest chemical unit of matter is the __________.
Atom
When two or more atoms combine chemically, they form a _____________.
Molecule
Molecules made up of two or more elements are called ____________.
Compounds
The atoms of a particular element always have the same number of protons; that number of protons is the ______ _______ of an element.
Atomic number
A positively charged ion is called a __________.
Cation
A negatively charged ion is called a _______.
Anion
____________ ____________ is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Atomic weight
Atoms of a particular element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called ____________.
Isotopes
The equation:
X-Y -> X+Y+ energy
symbolizes what kind of reaction?
Catabolism
The formula:
X+Y+energy -> X-Y
symbolizes what kind of reaction?
Anabolism
During ________, the breakdown of substances, food is degraded and some of that stored energy is released.
Catabolism
Microorganisms use nutrients in the same general way. A catabolism reaction can be symbolized as X-Y -> X+Y+energy.
Where X-Y represents a ___________ _________ and where ______ was originally stored in the bond between X and Y.
Nutrient molecule
Energy
Catabolic reactions are ____________ - that is, they release energy.
Endergonic
In ___________, energy is used to form chemical bonds in the synthesis of new compounds.
Anabolism
