Chem Finals Flashcards by Jose Borbon

There are no exceptions to the octet rule.

False

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Ionic bonds are highly polar bonds

True

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Polarity is determined by finding the difference in electronegativity

True

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Metallic bonds are between two non-metals

False

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Metallic compounds are good conductors of heat and electricity

True

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Which element would be an exception to the octet rule

Hydrogen

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Which type of bond is formed by atoms “sharing” electrons

Covalent

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Which type of bond is formed between two metals?

Metallic

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Which property is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

Polarity

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What is the measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond?

Electronegativity

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What is the force that is exerted between electrical charges that holds covalent compounds together?

Electrostatic Force

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Which are two-dimensional diagrams that show that bonds between different atoms?

Lewis structure

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Polyatomic compounds that have a positive or negative charge are called?

Polyatomic Ions

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What is the orderly arrangement of ions in an ionic bond called?

Crystal lattice

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Which theory states that electrons in a metallic bond are freely “floating” around?

Electron-Sea theory

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What are the electrons that have lost their association with a nucleus and act as the “glue” that holds metallic bonds together?

Delocalized electrons

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Which are notable expectations to the general characteristics of covalent compounds?

Network covalent Substances

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Which is a mixture of a metal’s atoms with another element and has metallic properties?

Alloys

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What is the octet rule?

A valence shell with a max electron of 8 for maximum stability

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Sigma and pi bonds are the same thing?

False

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There are never any expectations to the octet rule?

False

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A nonbonding pair of electrons is considered an area of electron density?

True

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Covalent bonds are always nonpolar?

False

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Molecular geometry helps determines the shape of molecules?

True

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Which theory is also called the localized electron theory, and concerns the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms?

Valence bond theory

What type of bond is an end-to-end bond, and is the stronger bond?

Sigma bond

What type of bond is a side-by-side bond, and is the weaker bond?

Pi bond

For some molecules, no single Lewis structure can completely describe the distribution of electrons. There bonds arrangement can alternate between different structures. What is this called?

Molecular Resonance

Which theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms?

Molecular orbital theory

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electron density surrounding the central atom in a molecule, and looks at how those areas repel on another?

VSEPR

Which shape typically has the central atom surrounded by 4 areas of electron density?

Tetrahedral

Which shape is Y-shaped with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?

Trigonal planar

When electrons are shared, but they are unequally shared, the bond is?

Polar covalent bond

What is a measure of molecular polarity called?

Dipole moment

The lens through which someone views the world is called a?

Worldview

What type of data describes?

Qualitative

Anything that takes up space and mass is called?

Matter

What type of reasoning goes from large statements to specific conclusions?

Deductive

Ancient chemistry practiced by Egyptians, Romans, Arabs, and Europeans is referred to as?

Alchemy

True scientist has no bias

True

A persons basic assumptions about the world is known as?

Presuppositions

What mandate calls us to use wise dominion over the earth and creation?

Creation mandate

Models help make complicated things easier to understand

True

Scientific ideas that try to explain phenomenon?

Theory

Matter is divided up into what 2 major categories?

Pure substances and mixture

The amount of matter packed into a given volume is?

Density

Which change alters he identity of the substance?

Chemical change

Which is a uniform mixture that appears as one layer?

Homogenous mixture

The law of the conservation of mass-energy states?

Mass-energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed

How many chloride(CI) atoms are in the formula 2NaCI2?

Ductility is the ability of a material to transfer heat/electricity between its particles

False

The ability to do work is called?

Energy

Which law states "all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimal usable energy?

Law of entropy

What type of reflection gives off heat?

Exothermic

What is the act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit?

Measurement

Which means "one of something" and is included in every measurement?

Units

All nonzeros are NOT significant

False

What type of instrument is nondigital?

Analog

Convert 9.789 cL to mL

97.89 mL

How many significant digits are in 45.070 km?

4 SDs

How many significant digits are in 0.371 cg?

3 SDs

Niels Bohr developed the mathematical atomic model?

True

Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels , outside the nucleus?

Niels Bohr

Who was the professor at Cambridge who reasoned that was a small region in an atom called a nucleus?

Ernest Rutherford

Who was the first to develop an atom model based on experimental evidence?

John Dalton

How many atoms are in a carbon-14 isotope?

Which are named because they form salts when they react with other reactive metals?

Halogens

Which is a graphic description of how many elements differ from one another?

Periodic table

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas

True

What are the compounds that combine with oxygen called?

Oxides

Which element has the strongest electronegativity?

Fluoride

The measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons is?

Electronegativity

Which type of elements have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and non-metals?

Metalloids

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called periods or series

False

Which are the soft metals that are very reactive because of a single loosely held electron?

Alkali metals

What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge?

Cations

Alkali metals have a -2 oxidation number

False

Ionic compounds use the Greek prefix system

False

The word "binary" means 2-element, In chemistry

True

Chemical equations use an arrow instead of an equal sign

True

A decomposition reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product

False

What represents the number of electrons that an atom the in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state?

Oxidation numbers

The IUPAC developed a systematic way to name compounds called a?

Nomenclature

Which type of compounds used the Greek prefix system?

Binary covalent compounds

What are the compounds that hold a characteristic amount of water in their crystalline structure called?

Hydrates

The substances present before a ructions occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?

Reactants

What type of reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?

Synthesis reaction

In what type of reaction does a reactive element replace a less reactive element in a compound?

Single-Replacement Reactions

The amount of substance contained within Avogadro's number is called a?

Mole

What is the mass of one mile of any pure substance called?

Molar Mass

Which formula show the types of atoms involved, the exact composition of each molecule, and the arrangement of chemical bonds?

Structural Formula

Which formula tells what elements are present and give the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms to in a compound?

Empirical Formula

Which formula shows the types and numbers of atoms involved as they appear in the molecule?

Molecular Formula

What law states that the ratio of elements in a compound are constant for every particle in that compound?

Law of definite composition

What shows the mathematical relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

Stoichiometry

Which reactant is used up first and prevents more products from forming?

Limiting Reactants

Which reactants are leftover after a reaction?

Excess Reactants

Which is the maximum amount of product that could be created from a given amount of reactant?

Theoretical Yield

What is the actual measured amount of product at the end of a reaction?

Actual Yield

What is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually produced?

Percent Yield

What describes the mass composition of a compound by showing what percentage of its total mass comes f I'm each element?

Percent composition

Avogadro's number

6.022x10 23