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Chemistry Final > Chem Finals > Flashcards

Chem Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

There are no exceptions to the octet rule.

A

False

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2
Q

Ionic bonds are highly polar bonds

A

True

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3
Q

Polarity is determined by finding the difference in electronegativity

A

True

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4
Q

Metallic bonds are between two non-metals

A

False

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5
Q

Metallic compounds are good conductors of heat and electricity

A

True

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6
Q

Which element would be an exception to the octet rule

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

Which type of bond is formed by atoms “sharing” electrons

A

Covalent

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8
Q

Which type of bond is formed between two metals?

A

Metallic

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9
Q

Which property is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

Polarity

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10
Q

What is the measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond?

A

Electronegativity

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11
Q

What is the force that is exerted between electrical charges that holds covalent compounds together?

A

Electrostatic Force

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12
Q

Which are two-dimensional diagrams that show that bonds between different atoms?

A

Lewis structure

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13
Q

Polyatomic compounds that have a positive or negative charge are called?

A

Polyatomic Ions

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14
Q

What is the orderly arrangement of ions in an ionic bond called?

A

Crystal lattice

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15
Q

Which theory states that electrons in a metallic bond are freely “floating” around?

A

Electron-Sea theory

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16
Q

What are the electrons that have lost their association with a nucleus and act as the “glue” that holds metallic bonds together?

A

Delocalized electrons

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17
Q

Which are notable expectations to the general characteristics of covalent compounds?

A

Network covalent Substances

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18
Q

Which is a mixture of a metal’s atoms with another element and has metallic properties?

A

Alloys

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19
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

A valence shell with a max electron of 8 for maximum stability

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20
Q

Sigma and pi bonds are the same thing?

A

False

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21
Q

There are never any expectations to the octet rule?

A

False

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22
Q

A nonbonding pair of electrons is considered an area of electron density?

A

True

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23
Q

Covalent bonds are always nonpolar?

A

False

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24
Q

Molecular geometry helps determines the shape of molecules?

A

True

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25
Q

Which theory is also called the localized electron theory, and concerns the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms?

A

Valence bond theory

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26
Q

What type of bond is an end-to-end bond, and is the stronger bond?

A

Sigma bond

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27
Q

What type of bond is a side-by-side bond, and is the weaker bond?

A

Pi bond

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28
Q

For some molecules, no single Lewis structure can completely describe the distribution of electrons. There bonds arrangement can alternate between different structures. What is this called?

A

Molecular Resonance

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29
Q

Which theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms?

A

Molecular orbital theory

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30
Q

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electron density surrounding the central atom in a molecule, and looks at how those areas repel on another?

A

VSEPR

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31
Q

Which shape typically has the central atom surrounded by 4 areas of electron density?

A

Tetrahedral

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32
Q

Which shape is Y-shaped with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?

A

Trigonal planar

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33
Q

When electrons are shared, but they are unequally shared, the bond is?

A

Polar covalent bond

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34
Q

What is a measure of molecular polarity called?

A

Dipole moment

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35
Q

The lens through which someone views the world is called a?

A

Worldview

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36
Q

What type of data describes?

A

Qualitative

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37
Q

Anything that takes up space and mass is called?

A

Matter

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38
Q

What type of reasoning goes from large statements to specific conclusions?

A

Deductive

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39
Q

Ancient chemistry practiced by Egyptians, Romans, Arabs, and Europeans is referred to as?

A

Alchemy

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40
Q

True scientist has no bias

A

True

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41
Q

A persons basic assumptions about the world is known as?

A

Presuppositions

42
Q

What mandate calls us to use wise dominion over the earth and creation?

A

Creation mandate

43
Q

Models help make complicated things easier to understand

A

True

44
Q

Scientific ideas that try to explain phenomenon?

A

Theory

45
Q

Matter is divided up into what 2 major categories?

A

Pure substances and mixture

46
Q

The amount of matter packed into a given volume is?

A

Density

47
Q

Which change alters he identity of the substance?

A

Chemical change

48
Q

Which is a uniform mixture that appears as one layer?

A

Homogenous mixture

49
Q

The law of the conservation of mass-energy states?

A

Mass-energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed

50
Q

How many chloride(CI) atoms are in the formula 2NaCI2?

A

3

51
Q

Ductility is the ability of a material to transfer heat/electricity between its particles

A

False

52
Q

The ability to do work is called?

A

Energy

53
Q

Which law states “all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimal usable energy?

A

Law of entropy

54
Q

What type of reflection gives off heat?

A

Exothermic

55
Q

What is the act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit?

A

Measurement

56
Q

Which means “one of something” and is included in every measurement?

A

Units

57
Q

All nonzeros are NOT significant

A

False

58
Q

What type of instrument is nondigital?

A

Analog

59
Q

Convert 9.789 cL to mL

A

97.89 mL

60
Q

How many significant digits are in 45.070 km?

A

4 SDs

61
Q

How many significant digits are in 0.371 cg?

A

3 SDs

62
Q

Niels Bohr developed the mathematical atomic model?

A

True

63
Q

Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels , outside the nucleus?

A

Niels Bohr

64
Q

Who was the professor at Cambridge who reasoned that was a small region in an atom called a nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford

65
Q

Who was the first to develop an atom model based on experimental evidence?

A

John Dalton

66
Q

How many atoms are in a carbon-14 isotope?

A

8

67
Q

Which are named because they form salts when they react with other reactive metals?

A

Halogens

68
Q

Which is a graphic description of how many elements differ from one another?

A

Periodic table

69
Q

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas

A

True

70
Q

What are the compounds that combine with oxygen called?

A

Oxides

71
Q

Which element has the strongest electronegativity?

A

Fluoride

72
Q

The measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons is?

A

Electronegativity

73
Q

Which type of elements have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and non-metals?

A

Metalloids

74
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called periods or series

A

False

75
Q

Which are the soft metals that are very reactive because of a single loosely held electron?

A

Alkali metals

76
Q

What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge?

A

Cations

77
Q

Alkali metals have a -2 oxidation number

A

False

78
Q

Ionic compounds use the Greek prefix system

A

False

79
Q

The word “binary” means 2-element, In chemistry

A

True

80
Q

Chemical equations use an arrow instead of an equal sign

A

True

81
Q

A decomposition reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product

A

False

82
Q

What represents the number of electrons that an atom the in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state?

A

Oxidation numbers

83
Q

The IUPAC developed a systematic way to name compounds called a?

A

Nomenclature

84
Q

Which type of compounds used the Greek prefix system?

A

Binary covalent compounds

85
Q

What are the compounds that hold a characteristic amount of water in their crystalline structure called?

A

Hydrates

86
Q

The substances present before a ructions occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?

A

Reactants

87
Q

What type of reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?

A

Synthesis reaction

88
Q

In what type of reaction does a reactive element replace a less reactive element in a compound?

A

Single-Replacement Reactions

89
Q

The amount of substance contained within Avogadro’s number is called a?

A

Mole

90
Q

What is the mass of one mile of any pure substance called?

A

Molar Mass

91
Q

Which formula show the types of atoms involved, the exact composition of each molecule, and the arrangement of chemical bonds?

A

Structural Formula

92
Q

Which formula tells what elements are present and give the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms to in a compound?

A

Empirical Formula

93
Q

Which formula shows the types and numbers of atoms involved as they appear in the molecule?

A

Molecular Formula

94
Q

What law states that the ratio of elements in a compound are constant for every particle in that compound?

A

Law of definite composition

95
Q

What shows the mathematical relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

A

Stoichiometry

96
Q

Which reactant is used up first and prevents more products from forming?

A

Limiting Reactants

97
Q

Which reactants are leftover after a reaction?

A

Excess Reactants

98
Q

Which is the maximum amount of product that could be created from a given amount of reactant?

A

Theoretical Yield

99
Q

What is the actual measured amount of product at the end of a reaction?

A

Actual Yield

100
Q

What is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually produced?

A

Percent Yield

101
Q

What describes the mass composition of a compound by showing what percentage of its total mass comes f I’m each element?

A

Percent composition

102
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.022x10 23

Chemistry Final (1 decks)

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