Chem Final Flashcards
Who discovered the PT
Dimitri Mendeleev
How many elements are on the PT
118
How many natural elements are on the PT
90-94
How many groups are there on PT and what direction do they go?
18 down
How many main groups are there?
8
How many periods are there and what direction do they go?
7 sideways
What does the main group number show?
Valence electrons
What does the period number show.
of electron shells
How is the PT arranged?
By atomic number
What do you need to remember about oxidation numbers?
Positive gives away electrons
Negative receives electrons
What are the main types of elements?
Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal
What are the main groupings of atoms?
Alkali metals Nonmetals- nonmetal
Alkaline earth metals Halogens- nonmetal
Transition metals Noble gasses- nonmetal
Other metals Lanthanides
Metalloids Actinides
Most reactive grouping?
Alkali metals
Most unreactive grouping?
Noble gasses
Most abundant elements?
O, Si, Al, Fe
Most reactive element?
Francium
Elements in the iron triangle?
Fe, Co,Ni
Elements, liquids at 18 C
Hg, Br
2m not silver or gray
Au, Cu
Metal properties
Conductive Most are silver or gray Malleable Ductile Solid at 18 C (except Hg)
Ionic bond properties
Gives away/ takes e M and nm solid at 18 C melting point is high boiling point is high
covalent bond properties
share e nm and nm liquid or gas at 18C polarity is low melting point is low
metallic bond properties
m and m
what’s IUPAC
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
ion
an element with more or less electrons than normal
synthesis
2 or more compounds or elements combine to make a more complex substance
decompostion
compounds break down into simpler substances
single replacement
occurs when one substance replaces another
double replacement
occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places
evidence of a chem reaction
Color changes Temperature changes Solid (precipitate) odor gas is produced
prefix mono
one
prefix di
two
prefix tri
three
prefix tetra
four
prefix penta
five
prefix hexa
six
prefix hepta
seven
prefix octa
eight
prefix nona
nine
prefix deca
ten
atomic number shows
of protons and electrons
atomic mass
mass of p and n
it is the decimal
one amu is
the mass of one twelfth of a carbon atom
nucleus
positive
made of p and n
held together by the strong force
discovered by Rutherford
electron charge
negative
e distribution
2 8 18 32 32 18 8 2
who discovered e
J J Thompson
four universal forces
gravity-graviton
EM-photon
weak-wisbosin
strong-gluon
quarks
up down charmed strange
Law of conservation of matter
matter cannot be created nor destroyed, it just changes form
p charge
positive
n charge
neutral
what is Dalton’s atomic number
an idea
What is Thompson’s atomic model?
a positively charged ball with negative balls attached to it
Rutherford’s atomic model
electrons floating around a positive ball. Lots of empty space
what is Bohr’s atomic model?
electrons floating around a clump of protons and neutrons
quarks in a p
two up one down
quarks in an e
two down one up
describe the big bang
13.8 billion years ago
time started
pure energy
the four forces were unified
plank second
10 to the -43 power of a second
inflation
the universe continuing to expand
higgs field
mass was created
quarks
baryogengesis
war between matter and antimatter. matter won
nucleosynthesis
formation of p and n
star formation types
OBAFGKM
what does the word atom mean
indivisible
who discovered the electron
J J Thompson
Who discovered the proton
Rutherford
who discovered the neutron?
Bohr
Plank epoch
the first 10 to the -43 power of a second
cation
an ion with an overall positive charge
anion
an ion with an overall negative charge
