chem exam review Flashcards
what are the three states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
how can you tell what their particles look like
solid have particles that stick together, liquid is kinda just anywhere but close, and gas is separated
examples of qualitative and quantitative? difference between the two
qualitative is colour, texture, taste/smell, and quantitative is numbers, like temperature or measurement
difference between chemical and physical properties? how do know which is which
physical property is physical description, like size, and chemical property is describing what happened during a chemical change
give examples of elements, alloys, mixtures, and compounds
an element is a pure substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance, a mixture is a mixture between two or more substances, a compound is two or more elements chemically combined, and an alloy is two metals combined
how can you identify a metal from a non-metal? what properties help you distinguish them?
metals are solid, are shiny, malleable and ductile and can also conduct electricity. non metals are brittle and not good conductors
where are metal, non metals, and metalloids on the periodic table?
non metals are on the right side of the periodic table, separated by a staircase (except hydrogen, which is in the first column on the top). metals are on the left, and metalloids are in the middle
number the groups on the periodic table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases
numbered 1-18 left to right. 1 is alkali metals, 2 are the alkaline earth metals, 17 is halogens, 18 is noble gases
why are noble gases not reactive?
they don’t take, lose, or get electrons
what groups are the most reactive elements found?
alkali metals and halogens
what are the rows in the periodic table called?
periods
where are the three subatomic particles located in the atom
protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, and electrons are in orbit
how do you know how much of protons and neutrons are in an element
the amount of protons are on the top of the symbol, and neutrons are in the bottom
how do you draw a bohr diagram
draw a circle in the middle. that is the protons in the nucleus. then draw some rings, example, two for carbon. then, because it’s atomic number is 6, we draw six dots on the ring, two on the first ring and four on the next
examples of physical and chemical changes
ice to water, aluminum to foil, boiling water are physical changes and boiling an egg, paper in a fire, baking a cake are chemical changes
