chem chap 1 Flashcards
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is a field of science that studies the structures, properties, compositions, and interactions between matters.
What is nanochemistry?
Nanochemistry focuses on the learning and knowledge of synthesis and properties of particles in nanoscale (as tiny as 10–9 m).
What are some fields combined in nanochemistry?
- Nanotechnology
- Biotechnology
- Chemistry
- Biology
- Physics
- Mathematics
What are some applications of nanochemistry?
- Medicine
- Health
- Agriculture
- Electronics
- Sources and energy
- Manufacturing industry
What is the origin of the word ‘chemistry’?
The word chemistry originated from the Arabic word ‘al-kimiya’.
List examples of chemicals commonly used in food.
- Preservatives
- Colouring
- Flavouring
- Antioxidants
- Stabilizers
List examples of chemicals commonly used in medicine.
- Antibiotics
- Antiseptics
- Vitamins
- Chemotherapy
- Analgesics
What are some examples of careers in the field of chemistry?
- Doctor
- Pharmacist
- Biotechnology researcher
- Biomedical engineer
- Cosmetic chemist
What is a scientific investigation?
A scientific investigation is a scientific method used in solving problems in science.
What are the general steps in the scientific method?
- Making observations
- Making an inference
- Identifying the problem
- Making a hypothesis
- Identifying the variables
- Controlling the variables
- Planning an experiment
- Collecting data
- Interpreting data
- Making a conclusion
- Preparing a report
What is the hypothesis in Experiment 1.1?
The increase in temperature of water will increase the solubility of salt in water.
What is the purpose of a Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)?
A CSDS provides information about chemicals to assist consumers in managing the risks of using dangerous chemicals.
True or False: Personal protective equipment is necessary while conducting experiments in the laboratory.
True
Fill in the blank: All applications in the world of nanochemistry begin with the knowledge of _______.
[chemistry]
What is the purpose of a data sheet in chemistry?
To give information about chemicals to assist consumers in managing the risks of using dangerous chemicals.
A data sheet contains complete information on chemical poisoning, management, storage methods, and emergency handling.
What is personal protective equipment (PPE) and why is it necessary?
PPE is equipment worn to protect oneself from accidents in the laboratory.
Examples include safety goggles, gloves, and laboratory coats.
List three types of personal protective equipment (PPE) and their functions.
- Safety goggles: Prevents dust or splashes from entering the eyes
- Gloves: Protects hands from injuries and chemicals
- Laboratory coat: Protects body and clothing from spills
What is the function of a safety shower in the laboratory?
Used to wash and clean the body when a chemical accident occurs on parts of the body.
It is also used to extinguish fire on clothing.
What are volatile substances and give an example.
Substances that easily convert to gas at room temperature. Example: Alcohol.
These substances can be hazardous if inhaled.
Fill in the blank: Reactive metals like lithium should be stored in _______.
paraffin oil.
What should be done with solid wastes like glass in the laboratory?
Disposed into special containers.
True or False: Chemicals with a pH value of less than 5 should be stored in special locked cabinets.
True.
What are the steps to take immediately after a chemical spill occurs?
- Inform the teacher or laboratory assistant
- Prohibit entry to the accident site
- Stop the spill from spreading
- Clean the chemical spill
- Dispose of the spill correctly
What is the significance of proper disposal of chemicals?
Prevents environmental pollution and protects flora, fauna, and human health.
Improper disposal can lead to serious consequences.
What are the symptoms of mercury poisoning?
- Nausea
- Coughing
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Chest pain
- Sore throat
- Difficulty in breathing
- Headache
- Eye irritation
- Vision problems
- Increase in blood pressure
What is the correct procedure for disposing of high concentration hydrogen peroxide?
Dilute with water and add sodium sulphite for decomposition before disposal.
Low concentration hydrogen peroxide can be poured directly into the sink.
List the methods used in the scientific investigation.
- Making observations
- Making an inference
- Identifying the problem
- Making a hypothesis
- Identifying the variables
- Controlling the variables
- Planning an experiment
- Collecting data
- Interpreting data
- Making a conclusion
- Writing a report
What is the role of a fume chamber?
Designed for experiments that release toxic vapours or produce pungent smells.
Fill in the blank: Chemicals should be _______ in their designated places according to their categories.
stored properly.
What must be done with volatile waste substances?
Stored in closed containers away from sunlight and heat.
What are the safety measures for handling mercury spills?
- Inform the teacher
- Prohibit access to the area
- Sprinkle sulphur powder on the spill
- Contact the Fire and Rescue Department
