Chem chap 1 Flashcards
Put these models of the atom in order, from earliest to latest, and identify the scientist who is responsible.
Planetary, Plum pudding, Billiard ball, Beehive
Billiard Ball, Plum Pudding, Beehive, Planetary
What experiments did Dalton preform? What contributions did Dalton make to the atomic theory?
Dalton came up with theories such as Dalton’s Atomic Theory along with creating the Billiard Ball Model.
What experiments did Thomson preform? What contributions did Thomson make to the atomic theory?
Thomson discovered the electron VIA cathode ray tubes. This contriuted to the atomic theory by discovering the negatively-charged particles in atoms. Made the plum-pudding model.
What experiments did Rutherford preform? What contributions did Rutherford make to the atomic theory?
Rutherford discovered the nucleus of the atom when he preformed the gold foil experiment. After preforming the experiment, Rutherford infered that there was a positive charge in the atom.
What experiments did Bohr preform? What contributions did Bohr make to the atomic theory?
Bohr suggested that electrons were in fixed orbits around the nucleus, and that each orbit had a different energy level and was a different distance away from the nucleus. He did this by observing the emission spectrum of hydrogen.
What is the definition of an ion?
An atom with a charge.
What is the definition of a cation?
A postivley charged ion.
What is the definiton of an anion?
A negatively charged ion.
What is the definiton of multi-valent?
Atoms with more than on possible charged.
Why do atoms form ions?
To create stable elements.
How do atoms form ions?
By giving away or taking electrons.
What is the definiton of an isotope?
They are variations in the atoms mass. (C-12, C-13, C-14)
What is the definiton of a radioisotope?
An unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable.
What is the definiton of relative atomic mass?
1 atomic mass unit = 1/12 the mass of C-12
(1.66 * 10^-27)
The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 u. Is it possible for any single atom of chlorine to have a mass number of exactly 35.45 u? Explain.
No, it has to be a whole number.
Naturally occurring chlorine consists primarily of two isotopes: Cl-35 and Cl-37. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for an atom of each isotope.
Cl-35: protons = 17
electrons = 17
neutrons = 35 - 17
= 18
Cl-37: protons = 17
electrons = 17
neutrons = 37 - 17
= 20
(the protons and electrons stay the same because we are using the numer that shows up on the periodic table)
Potassium naturally consists of 93.10% K-39 and 6.90% K-41. Calculate the atomic mass for potassium.
(0.9310 * 39) + (0.0690 * 41)
= 39.138
What are the similarities between Mendeleev’s Periodic Law and Modern Periodic Law?
- They are both organized in rows and columns.
- Both incorporate mass and prooperities.
What are the differences between Mendeleev’s Periodic Law and Modern Periodic Law?
- Modern Periodic Law is organized by incerasing atomic number while Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was organized by increasing atomic mass.
What is the order of elements?
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.
What are the four “famous” groups on the periodic table.
- Alkali Metals (Group 1)
- Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)
- Halogens (Group 17)
- Noble Gases (Group 18)
What are the properties of the four “famous” groups?
Alkali: Most reactive metals
Alkaline Earth: Second most reactive metals
Halogens: most reactive non-metals
Noble Gases: Unreactive
What are the three types of elements ad where are they on the periodic table?
- Metals (on the left)
- Non-metals (on the right)
- Metalloids (in the middle of the other two)
How many periods are there on the periodic table? How many groups are there on the periodic table?
- 7 periods
- 7 representative groups (1, 2, 13 - 18)
