Chem ch 1: essential ideas

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter attempts to understand
the behavior of matter – the “central science”

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 3

organic chemistry

Answer 3

the study of structure, properties and reactions of carbon containing compounds ( synthesis drugs)

Question 4

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 4

the study of structure, properties and reactions of inorganic and organometallic compounds ( catalyst chemistry)

Question 5

Analytical

Answer 5

quantitive measurements of composition and structure of matter ( forensics, quality control)

Question 6

Biochemistry

Answer 6

chemistry of living systems ( molecular genetics, protein science)

Question 7

physical

Answer 7

laws of physics as applied to chemical systems (polymer chemistry, theoretical chemistry)

Question 8

law

Answer 8

a statement about observed phenomenon, concise statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

is a tentative explanation for observations

Question 10

theory

Answer 10

explanation of the hypothesis that was tested and supported

Question 11

matter

Answer 11

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 12

substance

Answer 12

form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties

Question 13

mass

Answer 13

measure of amount of matter in an object

Question 14

weight

Answer 14

force exerted by gravity on the object

Question 15

macroscopic

Answer 15

visible to the naked eye, no microscope

Question 16

microscopic

Answer 16

that isn’t visible to the naked eye, microscope needed

Question 17

symbolic

Answer 17

formula that symbolizes the elements

Question 18

solids

Answer 18

definite shape and definite volume, not compressible

Question 19

liquids

Answer 19

have no definite shape, but do have a defined volume, able to flow.

Question 20

gases

Answer 20

have no definite shape or volume, molecules very far apart,
are highly compressible.

Question 21

atoms

Answer 21

smallest particles that has the properties of the element (It is not possible to break down the atom further retaining the
properties of the
element)

Question 22

molecules

Answer 22

formed by the combination of two or more atoms ( can be spared to individuals atoms

Question 23

compound

Answer 23

a pure substance composed of two or more elements ( can be broken down by any chemical means )

Question 24

mixture

Answer 24

a group of two ore more elements and/ or compounds that are physically intermingled

Question 25

homogeneous mixture

Answer 25

uniform properties throughout, appears visually the same throughout ( ex. gatorade; mixture of sugar, water, and electrolytes, cannot see those elements )

Question 26

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 26

has two or more phases that differ in properties, composition varies from point to point ( oil and vinegar salad dressing; cannot mixture together thoroughly) mixture is visible

Question 27

properties

Answer 27

characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another

Question 28

physical properties

Answer 28

observed without making or changing the chemical makeup
of a substance (physical change)
* Physical property: color, volume
* Physical change: ice melting

Question 29

chemical properties

Answer 29

describes a chemical change (chemical reaction) that a
substance undergoes
* Chemical property: flammability
* Chemical change: burning paper, baking a cake

Question 30

extensive properties

Answer 30

depends on sample size
* Examples: mass, volume, heat

Question 31

Intensive properties

Answer 31

does not depend on sample size
* Examples:
density, color, electrical conductivity, melting point

Question 32

measurements

Answer 32

provide the information that is the basis of most of the hypotheses, theories, and laws in chemistry

Question 33

number

Answer 33

the size or magnitude of the measurements

Question 34

unit

Answer 34

a standard of comparison for the measurements

Question 35

uncertainty

Answer 35

some indication of the uncertainty of the measurements

Question 36

volume

Answer 36

The measure of the amount of space occupied by an object.

Question 37

density

Answer 37

ratio of the mass of a sample of the substance to its volume