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Chem, bio, phys Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 signs of a chemical change

A

colour change
temperature change (hotter or colder)
bubbles of gas
precipitation (cloudy)

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

Elements are pure substances made up from only one type of atom.

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compounds are pure substances made of 2 or more elements that are chemically joined together.

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Mixtures are made of 2 or more elements not chemically joined and they are everywhere we look

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5
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Allows are a mixture of two or more elements, one is always a metal,

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6
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Chemical changes are usually impossible to reverse

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7
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A physical change can be reversed, for example, melting and heating up

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8
Q

Work out these, potassium oxide/ nitric acid
iron carbonate/hydrochloric acid
zinc/sulfuric acid

A

potassium nitrate
iron chloride
zinc sulfate

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9
Q

What do the most react metals end with?

A

-ium

for example, potassium, sodium, calcium,magnesium, aluminium

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10
Q

What are the least reactive metals?

A

The least reactive metals are the expensive ones used for jewellery, copper, silver, gold, platinum.

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11
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion is another name for burning.

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12
Q

Name a few alloys.

A

Steel-iron and carbon St. steel- chromium and manganese

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13
Q

Name type of microbes

A

Bacteria, Yeast (fungi), Virus

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14
Q

What is the smallest microbes?

A

Virus

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15
Q

What are 2 safety considerations when using an AGAR plate?

A
  1. DO not open the lid again once sealed.

2. Must be disposed of an autoclave (super-heated steam)

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16
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

A type of white blood cell that can engulf and destroy bacteria by phagocytosis.

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17
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

lymphocytes are specific in that they target, when they come across an antigen they don’t recognise they start to produce proteins called antibodies.

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18
Q

What are the 3 shapes bacteria can be?

A

Spherical, rod and helical

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19
Q

When is a virus alive?

A

When it has a host

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20
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is something that causes diseases.

21
Q

What causes the change from milk to yogurt?

A

Lactic Acid

22
Q

Whats the process called?

A

Fermentation

23
Q

What is another word for heat?

A

Infrared

24
Q

What are non-medical uses of infrared?

A

Night Vision goggles
Search & rescue
Detecting some types of cancers.

25
Q

How can we see ultraviolet?

A

By using fluorescent chemicals

26
Q

What is the main source of UV?

A

The sun

27
Q

What are 3 things that can happen to your skin if you receive too much UV?

A

ageing
burning
cancer (skin cancer)

28
Q

How can you detect microwaves?

A

With an aerial

29
Q

What can we use microwaves for?

A

For communication like mobiles phones and to heat up food

30
Q

Medical uses for UV?

A

Treating skin conditions like acne.

31
Q

Non medical uses for UV?

A

Detecting forge bank notes

32
Q

How can we see X-rays and what colour does it go when hit?

A

By using photographic film, the film turns black when the x-ray hits it.

33
Q

Medical uses of x-rays?

A

Detecting broken bones

34
Q

Non-medical uses of x-rays?

A

to treat cancer using radiotherapy, security scanners in airport also in space.

35
Q

Formula for frequency

A

frequency=number of waves/time

36
Q

Formula for number of waves passing a point

A

NOW= frequency x time

37
Q

Formula for time taken?

A

Time=number of waves/frequency

38
Q

How do we detect radio waves?

A

With an aerial

39
Q

Dangers to radio waves and microwaves

A

There is none!

40
Q

How can we stop gamma rays?

A

By using a thick wall of lead

41
Q

How do we detect gamma rays?

A

By using a Geiger-Muller tube

42
Q

What are the dangers to gamma rays?

A

They can kill or damage living cells.

43
Q

Whats the process called when phagocytes engulf antigens?

A

Phagocytosis

44
Q

What is the name of the chemical formed from the combustion of Magnesium and Air?

A

Magnesium Oxide

45
Q

What are the 3 dangers that could happen with UV

A

Ageing, Burning, Cancer (skin)

46
Q

What is incubation?

A

Growing microbes in an oven at a set temperature

47
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A substance that enters the body and causes the immune system to produce antibodies.

48
Q

What does herd community mean?

A

Large parts of the population are vaccinated to prevent epidemics.

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