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Hesi > Chem/anatomy > Flashcards

Chem/anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Molarity formula

A

Molarity =mol/volume

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2
Q

Formula to calculate mols in a solution

A

Total g/mol / (atomic mass 1+ atomic mass2)

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3
Q

what is the general combustion reaction formula?

A

CH + O2 → CO2 + H2O

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4
Q

What is a phosphodiestrase bond?

A

Bonds between phosphate (PO4) and molecules.

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5
Q

What type of bond do sugars have?

A

Glycosidic linkages

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6
Q

What type of bonds do amino acids have?

A

peptide bonds

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7
Q

What particles determine a chemical bond

A

Electrons

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8
Q

What are amino acids composed of?

A

A carbon atom bonded with an amine group (NH2) , a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen and an R group

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9
Q

Peptide or polypeptide

A

fewer than 30 amino acids

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10
Q

dipeptide

A

2 amino acids bound by a peptide bond

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11
Q

Protein

A

large group of amino acids

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12
Q

how many amino acids does the human body need?

A

20

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13
Q

What do fatty acids consist of?

A

hydrocarbon chain with an acid group and a carboxyl group(COOH) at one end.

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14
Q

Where can nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) be found?

A

Mostly in the nucleus but can also be found in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of individual cells.

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15
Q

Acids

A

Hydrogen or proton donors.

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16
Q

Bases

A

Hydrogen or proton acceptors

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17
Q

Amphoteric (definition and example)

A

Can act as both an acid and a base . Ex: H20

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18
Q

Glycogen

A

Stored form of glucose that is found in the muscles and liver. R

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19
Q

glycolysis

A

breaking down of carbohydrates for energy.

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20
Q

What is the net result of glycolysis for 1 molecule of glucose?

A

2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 ATPs

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21
Q

How to calculate weight from LBS to KG

A

Divide by half and subtract 10% (closest to .45)

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22
Q

List layers of skin from outer to inner

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum granulosum
Stratum germinativum
    -Stratum basale 
   -Stratum spinosum
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23
Q

Where is Vitamin K created in the body?

A

Large intestine

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24
Q

Definition of parenchyma

A

Functional tissue of an organ

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25
Q

Muscle cells and how they are composed

A

Each muscle cell(muscle fibers) is made up of many myofibrils. Each myofibril is made up of many sarcomeres. sarcomeres< myofibrils< muscle cell

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26
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

31 total

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27
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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28
Q

Peptide hormones

A

Insulin and calcitonin

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29
Q

Amine hormone

A

adrenaline

30
Q

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for chemical and mechanical digestion?

A

the stomach

31
Q

Where are sperm produced? Where are they stored?

A

Produced: seminiferous tubules
Stored: epididymis

32
Q

What are the different types of sweat glands and their locations?

A

Eccrine- found throughout the skin and body surface

Apocrine-located in the groin and armpits

33
Q

Components of upper and lower respiratory system.

A

Upper- nose, pharynx, and larynx

Lower- trachea, lungs, bronchi

34
Q

Primary function of Superior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from the upper part of the systemic circuit to the heart

35
Q

Primary function of the aorta

A

Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to begin the systemic circuit

36
Q

What does the coronary sinus do?

A

Where blood from the myocardium returns from the right atrium

37
Q

Primary function of the pulmonary vein

A

returns freshly oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs in the pulmonary circuit

38
Q

What are tropic hormones? Give examples

A

Hormones that act on other endocrine glands.

EX: FSH, TSH, and Luteinizing hormone

39
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral cavities contain?

A

Dorsal: cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral: thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

40
Q

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medula?

A

adrenaline

41
Q

Where is the hormone glucagon is secreted from?

A

The pancreas

42
Q

Which gland secretes TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

43
Q

Which gland secretes calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

44
Q

From what type of blood cell are platelets derived?

A

Thrombocytes

45
Q

A chemical bond is determined by what particles?

A

electrons

46
Q

Elements in the same column of the periodic table are in the same:

A

Group

47
Q

What is the function of water in photosynthesis?

A

Supply electrons in the light reactions

48
Q

What type of cell contains no defined nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic cell

49
Q

What are 2 functions of the male and female sex organs?

A

production of gametes and hormones

50
Q

Iodine and carbon dioxide undergo sublimation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. What is this process?

A

Changing from a solid to a gas

51
Q

How does bacterium reproduce?

A

binary fission

52
Q

Which cell organelle transports materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

53
Q

Percent concentration of a solution is expressed as:

A

parts per 100 parts

54
Q

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?

A

external respiration

55
Q

This type of neuron also called a motor neuron, sends nerve impulses away from the CNS.

A

Efferent neuron

56
Q

This type of neuron sends messages to the CNS

A

Afferent neuron

57
Q

A difference between mitosis and cytokinesis, is that in plants:

A

a cell plate begins to form in telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage

58
Q

Most of the CO2 in the blood does what?

A

Is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells

59
Q

What are the 2 catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production?

A

fermentation and cellular respiration

60
Q

What does the phrenic nerve regulate?

A

breathing

61
Q

What valve is responsible for controlling the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid valve

62
Q

During exhalation, what does the diaphragm do?

A

Relaxes and lifts

63
Q

What is the occipital lobe of the brain responsible for?

A

vision

64
Q

What is the temporal lobe of the brain responsible for?

A

sense of smell

65
Q

What is the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for?

A

motor movement and cognition

66
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Body and spatial awareness

67
Q

Which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributors to cellular function

A

proteins

68
Q

chemical bonding is the bonding of ____

A

one atom to another atom

69
Q

Beta radiation is the emission of which of the following?

A

an electron

70
Q

What will one liter of a one-molar solution of any element contain?

A

The atomic mass in grams of that element

71
Q

Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?

A

Estrogen

Hesi (3 decks)

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