Chem 4:4 - Nomenclature and Isomerism Flashcards

1
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Structures with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of structural isomers?

A

Chain isomers
Positional isomers
Functional Group Isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are chain isomers ?

A

Different arrangement of the carbon skeleton,

some straight chains and some branched chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are positional isomers?

A

Same skeletons and atoms but FG in different place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a functional group isomer?

A

Same atoms arranged into different functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is steroisomerism?

A

Same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In terms of rotation around bonds, how do single and double bonds work?

A

There is rotation around a single bond but no rotation round a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does this no rotation round a double bond mean?

A

This means that some alkene are steroisomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does stereoisomerism occur in an alkene

A

When the carbon atoms in the double bond hand 2 different groups attatched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you get with stereoisomerism in alkenes

A

an E and Z isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is optical isomerism?

A

A type of stereoisomerism
A chiral carbon has 4 different groups attatched to it
It is possible to make 2 different molecules around this carbon to make OPTICAL ISOMERS or ENANTIOMERS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What shape will an optical isomer be?

A

Tetrahedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In terms of light,, what do optical isomers do ?

A

Rotate the plane of polarised light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the positive and negative isomers do to the light

And what does normal light do ?

A

+ve isomer rotates it in the clockwise direction
-ve isomers rotate light in the anticlockwise direction
Normal light vibrates it in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a racemate or racemic mixture ?

A

Contains equal quantities of each enantiomer of an optically active compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What don’t racemantes show and why

A

They don’t show optical activity bc they cancel eachothers light rotating affect

17
Q

What do chemists usually do in terms of a-chiral molecules

A

React them together because there will be an equal chance of forming the enantiomers.