chem 2nd quiz Flashcards
Composition of air: what it is made up of and know composition values of different components in air
- nitrogen (78%), (79.0)
- oxygen (21%), (16.0)
- caarbon dioxide (0.041%), (4.0)
- other gases (0.029),
- argon(0.93) (0.9)
- water (variable)
Composition of inhaled and exhaled air.
we inhale O2 H2 and N2 and little amountof CO, we breathe out CO2 we can die from CO2. celular respiration. and we breath out the junk that comes with cellular respuration
Air Pollution
CO2, methane -> CH4(comes from commercial farming) (its cow fart) (it can also come from chemical processing industrial factories),
PM ( paticulate matter)10,
PM 2.5 is more. danerous because the smallee it is the more it can get into your lungs
PM 1 (inhaler0
v
Acid Rain
when Co2 is in our air like animals, cars tyranspartation, and plans a lot of it.
.What are the main chemicals formed with coal and diesel combustion
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons (HCs).
Know and understand PM2.5 and PM10 and their implication to your health
What is haze/smog?
come from pollutants-> VOC->methan-> co2-> PM-> nitrain compunds
they are tiny but when you put enough of these particles in our air they crate haze. what gives smog a brown color is HN02 and No2 ozone is apart of the reaction
What is a catalyst, and what are main functions of catalytical converter?
makes a reaction more favorable-> more likely too happen and FASTER it forces it to react, it deosnty change when it makes the formulas it remains unchanged
What does happen to your car if you use leaded car instead of unleaded gas?
Using leaded gasoline in a car designed for unleaded gas can damage the engine, catalytic converter, and other emission control systems. It may also increase harmful emissions and reduce fuel efficiency.
What are VOCs and know examples of VOCs?
volatile organic compounds
volatile- floats in the air ex(nail polish)
organic- carbon-based hydrocarbons ex: benzene, cyclohexanes
what is green chemistry?
green chemistry → illuminated pollutant processes that make chemicals (nasty solvants<)
green -> environment-> products arent pollutant
chemistry -> scrubing/ process
How does green chemistry help reduce air pollution?
Green chemistry reduces air pollution by designing chemical processes and products that minimize the release of harmful pollutants. It focuses on using non-toxic materials, improving energy efficiency, and creating products that break down into harmless substances, which reduces emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutan
VOCs production inside of houses, rooms, and homes;
paints, cleaning products, air fresheners, and building materials.
Particulate Matter
ozone
O3 in the atmosphere keeps harmful rays out the earth
.What are main pollutants inside of a home/room?
(VOCs):
(PM): From dust, smoke, cooking, and candles.
Carbon Monoxide (CO): From gas stoves, fireplaces, and heaters.
Formaldehyde: Found in furniture, pressed wood products, and glues.
Mold and Mildew: From moisture buildup.
Radon: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep in from the ground.
Tobacco Smoke: If smoking occurs indoors.
Lead: From old paint or dust in older homes.
Asbestos: In older insulation or building materials.
What are ozone’s effect on your health when it is present near you(that is in troposphere)and in stratosphere;
What are sources of arsenic, lead and mercury in air;
Arsenic, lead, and mercury enter the air from industrial emissions, coal burning, and metal smelting. These toxic metals can cause serious health and environmental issues when inhaled or deposited into ecosystems.
Know calculations on conversion from and into pph, ppm, and ppb,and any of these combinations:understand how to inter-conversion ofthese units;
Parts per billion, look on phone
Know about Radon and its effecton health;
Lung Cancer: Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer, especially in smokers.
Breathing Issues: Though it doesn’t cause immediate symptoms, chronic radon exposure can lead to lung tissue damage over time.
Know pollutants such as arsenic, lead,cadmium and mercury(heavy metal),and how they affect human health particularly of infants and pregnant women;
What is leaded gasoline(gasoline that contained lead); why it was used in past and why is not used now; what are its effect on human health;
Leaded gasoline contained tetraethyl lead, which improved engine performance and reduced knocking. It was used in the past for its benefits in boosting fuel efficiency and power. However, it was discontinued because leaded fuel released toxic lead particles into the air, leading to severe environmental and health issues. Exposure to lead can cause brain and nervous system damage, especially in children, as well as cardiovascular and kidney problems in adults.
Know and understand the naming of chemical formula;
Chemical formulas are named based on the type of compound: ionic compounds name the cation first and the anion second, covalent compounds use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms, and acids are named according to their anions. Transition metals use Roman numerals to specify their oxidation states. These naming conventions provide clarity and consistency in identifying chemical
What are differences between an element, compound, molecule and mixture;
An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound is made of two or more different elements chemically bonded. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound or element, and a mixture is a physical combination of substances where each retains its own properties
Know and understand differences between mixture and compound, and you should be able to identify which matter is a pure matter or a mixture;
Know and understand how to write chemical formula of given compounds/molecules;
Know and understand the air quality index, what is it, and how to tell the air quality by looking air quality index number;
ranks how good the air quality is. the scale is 1-50 is good 50-100 is moderate the higher the numbver the worse it is.
Know and understand the toxicity, toxicity level, and how to rank the pollutantsbased on the exposure limit, duration to exposure, and toxicity of the pollutants.That is, know and understand which pollutants are more toxic to inhale than another given pollutant;
exposure limits, chemical./hazard year is most middle is daily and lowest is per hour.
What is respiration,and how it is important to you, your family and friends;
Respiration is the process that provides energy for all bodily functions, making it crucial for the health and well-being of you, your family, and friends.
What are and are not air pollutants;
Air pollutants include substances like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. Non-pollutants are harmless substances like nitrogen and oxygen in their natural concentrations.
