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chemia > chem > Flashcards

chem Flashcards

1
Q

fosfolipidy

A

micelarne roztoky, hydrofilna+hydrofobna čast

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2
Q

kyselina štaveľova

A

jedovata,rozp v H2O, zle rozp. vápenaté soli

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3
Q

nitrosoaminy

A

karinogenne(fajčenie), zo sekund amínov

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4
Q

sulfonove kyseliny s dlhy alifat retazcom sluzia ako

A

tenzidy

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5
Q

terminace Sr

A

reakcia dvoch radikalov substitučneho činidla/ radikal subst.činidla+prítomný radikál

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6
Q

silu kys udáva

A

disociačná konšt

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7
Q

amalgámy

A

HG+lahko s Au, Ag tažko: Ni,Co

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8
Q

urethany

A

derivaty H2CO3 (kys uhličitej)

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9
Q

derivaty tiofosforečné kyseliny

A

insekticídy

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10
Q

chem bojove latky

A

arzen, H3PO4

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11
Q

Hydrazin

A

N2H4

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11
Q

chem vlast prvkov zavisia na

A

poctu e v orbitaloch s najvecsou hodnotou en (valencne orbitaly)

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12
Q

enantiomery

A

L/D izomery lisia sa polohou na vsetkych C

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12
Q

CO2 vlastnosti

A

dobre rozp v h2o, hustejsi ako O2, hasiaci prostr, priprava kys+vapenec

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13
Q

epimery

A

lisia sa polohou na jednom C

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13
Q

zlozenie skla

A

Na2O.CaO.nSiO2

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14
Q

sacharoza

A

repny cukor, glukoza+fruktoza (beta1-2), neredukujuci disacharid!

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15
Q

laktóza

A

glukoza+galaktoza

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16
Q

maltoza

A

2xglukoza(alfa1-4)

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17
Q

dextriny su prod. stiepenia

A

amylopektínu(škrobu)

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18
Q

alkalická hydrolýza

A

zmydeľňovanie

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19
Q

cholin

A

sucast fosfolipidov (acetylcholin)

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20
Q

nukleosid

A

baza+cukor

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21
Q

nukleotid

A

baza+cukor+H3PO4

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22
Q

Fosfodiesterová vazba

A

spojenie dvoch nukleosidov v NK

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23
Q

ribonukleáza

A

hydrolytické štěpení fosfodiesterové vazby v RNA

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24
Q

guanidin

A

CH5N3, nieje báza!!!

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25
Q

skleroproteiny

A

fibrilární proteiny

26
Q

ktora vazba určuje (primárne) sekundárnu štruktúru bielk

A

vodikove mostiky

27
Q

v kvarternej strukture su vazby

A

v der W, H mostiky, ionove (-S-S- disulfidove mostiky NIE)

28
Q

Transferázy

A

katalyzuju prenos skupin

29
Q

Hydrolázy

A

hydrolyticky štiepia vazby kt vznikli kondenzáciou - glykozidove, esterové, peptidové

30
Q

oxidoreduktazy

A

oxid-red. deje

31
Q

lyázy

A

nehydrolitické stiepenie a vznik vazieb, vecsinou odstepuju zo substratu alebo donho vnašaju ine molekuly

32
Q

ligázy

A

katal. vznik en. náročných vazieb, spotreba ATP, vznik makromolekul

33
Q

saturácia mastných kyselín

A

nasýtenosť

34
Q

lecitin

A

fosfatidylcholin, fosfolipid

35
Q

cholesterol

A

sterol, 1xOH, Izoprenoid, steroid, zákl. staveb jednotka steran

35
Q

silikagel je polymerom

A

kys kremicitej

36
Q

konformácia

A

vanička+stolicka(energet.výhodnejšia)

36
Q

silikonove oleje su polymerom

A

dimethylsilandiolu

37
Q

konfigurácia

A

L/D optická, cis/trans geometricka

37
Q

uronove kys maju karbox sk na …uhliku

A

6.C (enzymova oxidacia)

38
Q

konštitúcia

A

oxo/enol forma, aldehyd/keton

38
Q

glykogeneza

A

synteza glykogenu

39
Q

amoniak (NH3) je cinidlo

A

nukleofilne, heterolyticke

40
Q

KMnO4 (h2o roztok) dokaz?

A

nas vezieb

41
Q

KO3

A

ozonid draselny

42
Q

Co(SCN)2

A

rhodanid cobaltnaty

43
Q

I.B

A

Cu, Ag, Au

44
Q

II.B

A

Zn, Cd, Hg

45
Q

amylaza

A

enzym kt odburava amylozu

52
Q

prosteticka skupina

A

koenzym kovalentne viazany na apoenzym

53
Q

alostericke enzymy

A

maju dalsie specif vezbove miesto, aktivita sa meni podla koformacie, moze byt regulovana c produktu

54
Q

katal

A

jednotka enz. aktivity, mol/s

55
Q

chinony

A

organické cyklické nenasycené šestiuhlíkové sloučeniny s dvěma oxoskupinami v poloze ortho či paraVzhledem k rozložení dvojných vazeb jsou barevné. Od ch. jsou odvozeny některé biologicky významné látky např. ubichinon a vitamin K

55
Q

acetal

A

aldehyd/keton + alkohol

56
Q

rezorcinol

A

1,3 benzendiol

56
Q

Trinitrofenol

A

kys. pikrova, silne kysla

57
Q

pyrokatechol

A

1,2 benzendiol

58
Q

esterifikácia

A

kys. anorg/org+alkohol

59
Q

deriváty piridínu

A

niacin, kys nikotínová, pyridoxín

60
Q

celulóza (vazby, zložky)

A

beta D glukopyranoza, β(1,4) glukóza

61
Q

sodne a draselné mydlá /tuhosť/

A

Na+ tuhé

K+ kvapalné

61
Q

dokaz monosacharidov

A

fehlingov roztok

62
Q

dokaz dvojitej vezby

A

biuretova reak

63
Q

dokaz bielkovin

A

xantoproteinova reak

64
Q

intramolekulové ióny

A

K, PO4

chemia (1 decks)

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