Chem 2 Master Deck Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
the study of energy and its transformations
Law of Conservation
Mass, matter, and energy cannot be created or destroyed
System
everything of interest, what is being studied
Surroundings
everything else, what is not being studied
What is thermal energy?
energy that is in the process of being transferred from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object
Kinetic energy and temperature have a _______ relationship
proportional
Heat exchange
transfer of thermal energy between a system and surroundings
When does heat exchange occur?
when the temperatures between a system and surroundings differ
Thermal equilibrium
the point at which the temperatures of the system and surroundings equalize
State function
property of an entity based only on its chemical or physical state
Endothermic reaction
a reaction resulting in the transfer of energy from the surroundings to the system
Exothermic reaction
a reaction resulting in the transfer of energy from the system to the surroundings
List the endothermic processes
1) Evaporation
2) Melting
3) Sublimation
List the exothermic processes
1) Condensation
2) Freezing
3) Deposition
Isolated system
nothing can flow between system and surroundings
Closed system
only energy in the form of heat can flow between system and surroundings
Open system
both matter and energy can be transferred between the system and surroundings
What is work?
the energy used to cause an object to move
Enthalpy
the overall heat exchange (change in heat) of a reaction
Enthalpy of fusion
energy required to convert a mole of solid substance to a liquid at its freezing/melting point
Enthalpy of vaporization
energy required to convert a mole of liquid substance to a vapor at its boiling point
Heat capacity/specific heat
measure of a substance’s sensitivity to temperature changes
Heat capacity (Cp)
the energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius at constant pressure and volume
