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GEAS > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

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2
Q

What are the two main classifications of matter?

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous.

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3
Q

Define homogeneous matter.

A

Matter with a uniform composition.

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4
Q

Give examples of homogeneous matter.

A
  • Air * Steel * Saline solution
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5
Q

What is heterogeneous matter?

A

Matter that can be physically separated.

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6
Q

Give examples of heterogeneous matter.

A
  • Blood * Dirt * Milk * Oil and water
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7
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Matter that cannot be physically separated.

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8
Q

What are the two types of pure substances?

A
  • Elements * Compounds
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9
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance that can be chemically decomposed.

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10
Q

Give examples of compounds.

A
  • Carbon dioxide * Salt * Water
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11
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be chemically decomposed.

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12
Q

Give examples of elements.

A
  • Oxygen * Gold * Hydrogen
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13
Q

What are the three different forms of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Matter can occur in different forms depending on environmental conditions.

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14
Q

What is the process of changing from solid to liquid called?

A

Melting

This process involves the transfer of energy in the form of heat.

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15
Q

What is the process of changing from liquid to solid called?

A

Freezing

Freezing occurs when the temperature drops below the freezing point.

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16
Q

What is the process of changing from liquid to gas called?

A

Vaporization

Vaporization occurs when the temperature rises above the boiling point.

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17
Q

What is the process of changing from gas to liquid called?

A

Condensation

This process involves the release of energy as heat.

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18
Q

What is the process of changing from gas to plasma called?

A

Ionization

Ionization involves adding energy to gas to form plasma.

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19
Q

What is the process of changing from plasma to gas called?

A

Deionization

Deionization involves removing energy from plasma.

20
Q

At what form is water at normal temperature?

A

Liquid

Water is typically found in liquid form at standard temperature.

21
Q

What happens to water when the temperature is raised above its boiling point?

A

It becomes gas

Water vapor is the gaseous form of water.

22
Q

What happens to water when the temperature is lowered below its freezing point?

A

It becomes solid ice

Ice is the solid form of water.

23
Q

True or False: Matter can be transformed from one form to another without energy transfer.

A

False

Transformations of matter involve energy transfer in the form of heat.

24
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

Characteristics that describe how a substance interacts with other substances

Examples include reactivity, toxicity, and heat of combustion.

25
Q

Can the property of a substance be determined without changing its identity?

A

Yes

This refers to the ability to analyze physical properties without altering the substance.

26
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s identity

Examples include boiling point, hardness, luster, and malleability.

27
Q

What are intensive properties?

A

Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present

Examples include boiling point, hardness, and density.

28
Q

What is the melting point?

A

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

29
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

Properties that depend on the amount of substance present

Examples include volume and weight.

30
Q

What defines a pure substance?

A

Matter with a definite composition and properties that cannot be separated by physical means

Examples include silver, gold, oxygen, water, salt, and ammonia.

31
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Elements are symbolized by one or two letters.

32
Q

What is the prefix for 10^-3?

A

Milli

33
Q

What is the prefix for 10^-6?

A

Micro

34
Q

What is the prefix for 10^-9?

A

Nano

35
Q

What is the prefix for 10^-12?

A

Pico

36
Q

What is the standard unit of length in the metric system?

A

Meter

37
Q

What is the radius of a hydrogen atom in meters?

A

1 Angstrom

38
Q

How many inches are in a meter?

A

0.0254

39
Q

How many miles are in a meter?

A

1609

40
Q

What is the radius of the Earth in meters?

A

6.38 x 10^6

41
Q

What is the distance between the Earth and the Moon in meters?

A

3.84 x 10^8

42
Q

What is the radius of the Sun in meters?

A

6.97 x 10^8

43
Q

What is 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) in meters?

A

1.5 x 10^11

44
Q

What is the distance of 1 Lightyear in meters?

A

9.46 x 10^15

45
Q

The meter is defined as 1/10 of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a meridian passing through which city?

A

Paris, France

46
Q

What is the distance between two parallel marks in a specially made platinum-iridium bar used to define the meter?

A

The distance between two marks

GEAS (2 decks)

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