chem

Question 1

what is an atom?

Answer 1

everything in the world around us is made up of atoms which are extremely ting particles

Question 2

what are the different types of atoms?

Answer 2

Protons electrons and neutrons

Question 3

what do atoms need?

Answer 3

A ring, protons electrons neutrons and a nucleus

Question 4

whats the mass compared to one proton for a electon?

Answer 4

1 over 1840

Question 5

what is the postion of a proton and neutron?

Answer 5

inside the nueleus

Question 6

whats the postion of a electron?

Answer 6

outside the neucleus

Question 7

how to determain mass number?

Answer 7

an atoms mass number is euqual to the number of protons and neutrons. e.g oxygen has 8 protons and neutrons

Question 8

what happens when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons?

Answer 8

the number of protons stays the same.

Question 9

what are the two types of ions

Answer 9

negative which are formed when a neutral atom gains electrons so it has more electons than protons
positive ions for when a neutral atiom loses electrons so it has more protons than electrons.

catiorn and aniorn

Question 10

what happens if an atom has the smae number of electons as protons?

Answer 10

it is electrically neutral

Question 11

whats the name of an outer shell of an atom is called?

Answer 11

valence shell

Question 12

whats an isotope?

Answer 12

atoms of the same element with differnt mass numbers. they have the same number of protons but a diffrent number of neutrons.

Question 13

type one of the radioctive particels

Answer 13

alpha a- whne the nucleus ejects an alpha particle

Question 14

type three of radioactive particles

Answer 14

gamma y- the rearrangement of protons and neutrons inside the atoms that releases a light wave

Question 15

whats type two of the radioactive particles

Answer 15

Beta- occurs when a neutons is converted into a proton and in the process an electron is released as the beta particle.

Question 16

what is half life

Answer 16

the rate at which radioscopes realse nuclear energy is measuerd in half-life. half-life is the time it takes for half of the atomsof the radioscopes to decay.

Question 17

what is the law conservation of mass

Answer 17

the law of conervation of matter says that in any chemical reaction the numver of atoms of each element stays the same. a reaction re-arranges atms to produce one or more new substances. no atoms are created or destroyed

Question 18

whats a coefficienrt?

Answer 18

the big numbers inront of chemical equastions

Question 19

whats a subscript

Answer 19

the little numbers in chemical equastions

Question 20

what makes an unbalenced eqautions?

Answer 20

when the are unequal numbers of atoms of an element on either side

Question 21

how to balance an equation

Answer 21

by adding numbers ufront of the menical formulas. (coefficents)

Question 22

what are acids and bases

Answer 22

acids and bases are all around us from a glass of orange juice(acidic) to toothpast(basic) that we commonly would use.

Question 23

what do acids have?

Answer 23

they have a sour taste, they react with metals and they can damage or destroy other substances. turn litmus paper red

Question 24

what do bases have?

Answer 24

can be solid or liquid, some can be dissolved in water, have soapy pr slipper feel, have bitter taste, are corrosive, turn litmus paper blue

Question 25

how to determain acidics

Answer 25

the amount of free hydrogen, H+ ions a substance has determines how acidic it is

Question 26

how are acidity or alkalninty messuerd?

Answer 26

pH which stands for potentiol hydrogen

Question 27

how to messure bases

Answer 27

when you add water the them they split whate rti firm free hydrixside, OH ions.

Question 28

what range is the ph levels

Answer 28

0-14

Question 29

what are the different types of reaction rates

Answer 29

tempreture- increasing the temp will increase the speed at which particles move. this leads to more colisions between particles and more collisions that have enough energy to react.

Question 30

surface area

Answer 30

increasing the surface area: volume ration decreases the rate of a reaction. (occuers faster. this is because the are more opportunites for the particlels tho collide and the reaction to happen

Question 31

concerntration

Answer 31

increasing the conerntration of a soluton will decrease the reaction rate. that is becuase the amount of particles in the soultion increased there for leading to more collisions betwwen particels

Question 32

catalyst

Answer 32

a catalyst will increase the reaction rate but dont react they just allow the reactants to combine together better.