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Physics > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH -

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2
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3 -

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3
Q

Hydrogen Carbonate

A

HCO3 -

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4
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 +

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5
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3 2-

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6
Q

Sulfate

A

SO4 2-

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7
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4 3-

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8
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

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9
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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10
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

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11
Q

Carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

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12
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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13
Q

Methane

A

CH4

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14
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

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15
Q

Ozone

A

O3

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16
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

CO

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17
Q

Ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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18
Q

Diatomic molecules

A

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromine

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19
Q

What do covalent bonds form between

A

Non-metals only

20
Q

What do ionic bonds form between

A

Generally between metals and non-metals

21
Q

What do metallic bonds form between

A

Between metals only

22
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom of the same element, with a different amount of neutrons.

23
Q

Electron configuration

A

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s4 3d10

24
Q

Alpha radiation

A

An atom releases 2 protons and neutrons.

25
Q

Beta radiation

A

A neutron decays into a proton and electron.

26
Q

Gama radiation

A

When atoms release excess energy as radiation.

27
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy needed to remove one electron from the valence shell.

28
Q

Electronegativity

A

Is the ability of an atom to attract bonding es towards itself in a compound.

29
Q

Metals and non-metal reactions

A

Metals lose electrons to form cations.
Non-metals gain electrons to form anions.

30
Q

Writing formulas

A

Swap the valencies around

31
Q

Naming covalent molecules

A

The first element stays, and the second element changes to an “ide”

32
Q

Polar and non-polar bonds

A

Polar is when there is an electronegative difference. Non-polar is when there is not.

33
Q

VSEPR theory

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
lone pair - lone pair
lone pair - bond pair
bond pair - bond pair

34
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

attraction forces between covalent molecules.
dipole - dipole
dispersion
Hydrogen bond

35
Q

dipole - dipole

A

Attraction between negative and positive within polar molecules.

36
Q

dispersion

A

Electrostatic attraction between instantaneous changes in the charge of ions.

37
Q

hydrogen bond

A

A special bond between H and FON atoms

38
Q

Chemical reactions

A

New bonds are formed. Atoms rearranged.

39
Q

Synthesis

A

Where two reactants combine to make a larger more complex product.
- Non-metals + metals = ionic compounds.
- Halogens + metals = halides.
- Oxygen + metals = metal oxides
- Nitrogen with metals form nitrides

40
Q

Decomposition

A

Where a more complex molecule breaks down to form more simple products.
- Thermal
- Electrolysis
- Light

41
Q

Combustion

A

The burning in oxygen with a release of energy.
- oxygen = oxide
- carbon fuels = co2 + water

42
Q

Precipitation

A

When two aquis liquids mix to form a solid.

43
Q

Soluble

A

All G1 compounds
All ammonium compounds
All nitrates
Chlorides, bromides and iodideses (except Ag and Pb)
Sulfates (except Ag Pb Ca Sr Ba)

44
Q

Insoluble

A

Carbonates (except G1 and NH4)
Phosphates (except for G1 and NH4)
Hydroxides (except for G1, NH4, Ca, Sr, Ba)

45
Q

Net ionic equations

A

Break aqueous into ions.
Cancel common ions.

46
Q

Intramolecular forces

A
  • covalent
  • ionic
  • metallic

Physics (4 decks)

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