Chem Flashcards
Observation
Is qualitative information collected through the direct use of our senses
Interpretation (or “inference”)
Is an attempt to put meaning into an observation
Qualitative Observation
Information is non-numerical information
Quantitative Observation
Information is numerical information
Data
Is quantitative information which experimentally - determined or obtained from references
Controlled Experiment
Only a few factors change whereas the rest stay the same
Hypothesis
Is a single, unproven assumption or idea which attempts to explain why nature behaves in a specific manner. Hypothesis are tentative but, if they survive testing, eventually gain general acceptance. (Prediction)
Theory
Is a set of hypotheses that ties together a large number of observations of the real world into a logically consistent and understandable pattern. In other words, a theory is a tested, refined and expanded explanation of why nature behaves in a given way.
Laws
Is a board generalization or summary statement which describes a large amount of experimental evidence stating how nature behaves when a particular situation occurs.
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Substance
Is something with a unique and identifiable set of properties. Therefor, two objects with different properties must be made of different substances.
Chemistry
The science concerned with the properties, composition and behaviour of matter.
Physical Change
Of a substance is a property that can be found without creating a new substance. Example: density, colour, hardness, and melting temperature and physical properties.
Chemical Change
A change in which new substances are formed
Malleability
The ability of a substance to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets.
Ductility
The ability of a material to be stretched, pulled, or drawn into a thin wire or thread without breaking
Luster
A physical property that describes how a mineral’s surface and structure interact with light.
Viscosity
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low conservation
Kinetic Energy
The energy that molecules passes as a result of their motion
First type of kinetic energy
Rotational: causes a molecule to rotate around one of its axes; bond lengths and bond angles do not change
Second type of kinetic energy
Vibrational: changes the bond lengths and/or angles between atoms in a molecule
The third type of kinetic energy
Translational: causes the molecule to travel in a straight line from place to place, but has no effect on bond length and angles
Accuracy
measures how close results are to the true or known value.
Precision
on the other hand, measures how close results are to one another
Homogeneous Substances
A substance consisting of only one phase
Heterogenous substances
A substance consisting of more than one phase
