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Chemistry 1300 > CHEM 1300 MIDTERM > Flashcards

CHEM 1300 MIDTERM Flashcards

0
Q

Limiting Reactant- reagent

A

Substance which is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete.” Reactant that limits the amount of product “

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1
Q

Stoichiometry

A

The study of the numerical relationship between chemical quantities in a chemical reaction

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2
Q

Theoretical yield

A

Maximum amount of products that can be created by a given amount of reactants.
Limiting Reactant ( molar mass of element in LR/ 1 mol) [( 1kg/ 1000 g)] only needed if LR was in Kg=

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3
Q

Excess Reactants

A

Reactants not completely consumed.

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4
Q

Actual yield

A

The actual amount of product made in a chemical reaction.

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5
Q

Percent Yield

A

(Actual yield/theoretical yield)*100 = PY

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6
Q

Homogeneous

A

When a substance is mixed and it seems to disappear or become liquid.

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7
Q

Homogenous mixtures are _______

A

Solutions.

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8
Q

Solute

A

The component of the solution that changes state. What is being dissolved into the solvent.

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9
Q

Solvent

A

The component that keeps its state. Its the base substance.

If both components start in the same state, the major component is the solvent.

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10
Q

Dilute solutions

A

Have a small amount of solute compared to solvent.

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11
Q

Concentrated solutions

A

Have a large amount of solute compared to solvent.

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12
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of solute in a given amount of solution.

Occasionally amount of solvent.

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13
Q

Concentration or Molarity

A

M= amount of solute(moles)/ amount of solution(L)

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14
Q

What happens when a solute dissolves?

A

There are attractive forces between the solute and solvent particles holding them together.

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15
Q

Electrolytes

A

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity.

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16
Q

Nonelectrolytes

A

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity.

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17
Q

What must a material have in order to conduct electricity?

A

A material must have charged particles that are able to flow.

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18
Q

What do electrolyte solutions contain when dissolved in water?

A

Contain ions.

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19
Q

What do nonelectrolyte solutions contain when dissolved in water?

A

Contain whole molecules. Molecular compounds do not ionize when they dissolve in water.

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20
Q

Which is the only molecular compound that ionizes when dissolved in water?

A

Molecular acids

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21
Q

Salt and other ionic compounds________ when they dissolve.

A

Dissociate into ions

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22
Q

Sugar and other molecular compounds _________ when dissolved.

A

Do not dissociate

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23
Q

What do acids form when they ionize?

A

H+ cations and anions.

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24
Acids that ionize 100% are called_____
Strong acids.
25
Acids that only ionize a small percentage are called_____
Weak acids.
26
Strong electrolytes
Materials that dissolve completely as ions.
27
Weak electrolytes
Materials that dissolve mostly as molecules but partially as ions. Their solutions conduct weak electricity.
28
What happens to the polyatomic ion when the compound dissolves?
Polyatomic ions stays together.
29
Dissociation
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the anions and cations are separated from each other.
30
What happens to the polyatomic ion when the compound dissociate?
Polyatomic group stays together as one ion.
31
What happens when a strong acid dissolves in water?
The molecule ionizes into H+ and anions.
32
What does solubility depend on?
Temperature.
33
Empirical method
The approach of using a collection of data to base a theory or derive a conclusion in science.
34
Compounds containing which ions are generally soluble?
``` Li+ Na+ K+ NH4+ NO3- C2H3O2- ```
35
Compounds that are soluble but when combined with other compounds are insoluble.
Cl-, Br-, I- when mixed with Ag+, Hg2^2+, Pb^2+ | SO4^2- When mixed with Ag+, Ca ^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+ and Pb^2+
36
Precipitation reactions
Reactions between aqueous solutions of ionic compounds that produce an ionic compound that is insoluble in water.
37
Precipitate
Insoluble product
38
When will a product precipitate?
If product is insoluble or slightly soluble.
39
Molecular equations
Equations that describe the chemicals put into the water and the product molecules.
40
Complete ionic equations
Equations that describe the actual dissolved species.
41
Which are written as ions?
Aqueous strong electrolytes: soluble salts, strong acids and strong bases.
42
Which are written in molecule form?
Insoluble substances, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes.
43
Spectator ions
Ions that are both reactants and products.
44
Net ionic equation
An ionic equation in which the spectator ions are removed.
45
Bases dissociate in water to form ___
OH- ions
46
Perchloric Acid
HCLO4 strong
47
Nitric Acid
HNO3 strong
48
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4 strong
49
Hydrochloric Acid
HCL strong
50
Phosphoric Acid
H3PO4 moderate
51
Chloric Acid
HCLO3 moderate
52
Acetic Acid
HC2H3O2 weak
53
Hydrofluoric Acid
HF weak
54
Carbonic Acid
H2CO3 weak
55
Hypochlorous Acid
HClO weak
56
Boric Acid
H3BO3 weak
57
Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH strong base
58
Potassium hydroxide
KOH strong base
59
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 strong base
60
Sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3 weak base
61
Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 weak acid
62
Ammonium hydroxide
NH4OH or NH3(aq) weak base
63
Gases
H2S CO2 SO2 NH3
64
Pressure difference
Gas will flow from an are of high pressure to low pressure
65
Pressure
Force/Area
66
1atm into Hg
30 hg
67
1 atm into mmHg
760 mmHg
68
1 atm into psi
14.7 psi
69
1 atm into kPa
101.325

Chemistry 1300 (1 decks)

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