chem Flashcards
Boiling point
The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric
pressure.
Melting point
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium
Vapour pressure
The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system.
Molecular formula
A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule
Structural formula
A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are
attached to which within the molecule
Condensed structural formula
This notation shows the way in which atoms are
bonded together in the molecule, but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines
Hydrocarbon
Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula
Saturated compounds
Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds
between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains
Unsaturated compounds
Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between
C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains
Functional group
: A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the
physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds
Structural isomer
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae
Chain isomers
Same molecular formula, but different types of chains
Positional isomers
Same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain
Functional isomers
Same molecular formula, but different functional groups
Markovnikov’s rule
The H atom will bond to the carbon atom which has the greater number of H atoms bonded to
it
Zaitzev’s rule:
H atom is removed from the carbon atom with the least number of H atoms
