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Chem 111 (Basic) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an unfalsifiable idea?

A

One that cannot be proved or disproved by science. Science cannot touch these.

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1
Q

What defines a hypothesis?

A

It can be tested but has not yet been. It is falsifiable.

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Something that has both volume and mass.

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3
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

During a “normal” process, mass remains constant.

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3
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

One that cannot be separated into new matter through physical changes.

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Something that can be separated through physical changes.

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5
Q

What are the two types of pure substances?

A

Elements and Compounds

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6
Q

What are the two types of Mixtures?

A

Homogenous and Heterogeneous

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7
Q

What is homogenous?

A

To be uniform in nature.

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8
Q

What is heterogeneous?

A

To have physically distinct parts.

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9
Q

What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

A

Sample of pure compound will contain same proportions of elements by mass.

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9
Q

What defines 1 calorie?

A

The energy needed to raise 1 mL of water by 1 degree celcius.

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9
Q

What is the unit cube?

A

1 mL water = 1 g water = 1 cc water

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10
Q

When do you use sig figs and when do you not?

A

You use them when multiplying or dividing but you use decimal places when adding or subtracting.

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11
Q

How do you convert from celcius to Kelvin?

A

degrees celcius + 273.15 = Kelvin

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12
Q

What is zero in Kelvin?

A

Absolute zero (where molecules completely stop moving.

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13
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

Mass/Volume

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14
Q

What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?

A

Two molecules with different ratios are different things. Elements can combine in different proportions to form different things.

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14
Q

What was the first model of the atom?

A

The Plum Pudding Model.

A “pudding” of positive charge with electrons floating in the middle.

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14
Q

What experiment proved the Plum Pudding Model wrong?

A

The Gold Foil Experiment

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15
Q

What was the new model of the atom after the Plum Pudding Model was proven wrong?

A

Bohr’s Atom (the one most people use today)

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16
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

How many protons are in the elements atoms.

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17
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons in an elements atom?

A

Atomic mass - atomic number

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18
Q

How do you find the number of electrons in an elements atom?

A

Same as protons (atomic number) unless the atom has a charge.

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19
What is an isotope?
An atom of the same element with a different mass due to higher or lower numbers of neutrons.
20
What is the mass of a proton?
1 amu (atomic mass unit)
21
What defines 1 amu?
1/12 the mass of a Carbon-12 atom
22
What is the mass of a neutron?
about same as a proton (1 amu)
23
What is the mass of an electron?
negligible (way too small to matter)
24
What are the two types of chemical bonds?
Ionic and Covalent
25
What defines an ionic bond?
The exchange of electrons.
26
What defines a covalent compound?
The sharing of electrons.
27
What are the charges of cations and anions respectively?
Cations are positive. | Anions are negative.
28
What ion do metals usually become?
Cations.
29
What ion do nonmetals usually become?
Anions.
30
What are the two types compounds?
Molecular and Ionic
31
What is the basic rule of monoatomic ions?
Everything wants to have the same # of elections as the nearest noble gas. (usually only works for s and p blocks)
32
What are monoatomic ions?
Ions consisting of just one atom of a given element.
33
What order do you name main group ionic compounds in?
cation first then anion
34
Practice: | Write the formula for Barium chloride
BaCl2
35
Practice: | What is the name for Na2SO4?
Sodium sulfate
36
How would you write the name for a transition metal ionic compound? ex: Fe2O3
Iron (III) Oxide
37
How do you name compounds with covalent bonds?
Use the greek prefixes to denote number of each element. Add "ide" to the name of the second atom.
37
What is mono-?
One
38
What is di-?
Two
39
What is tri-?
Three
40
What is tetra-?
Four
41
What is penta-?
Five
42
What is hexa-?
Six
43
What is hepta-?
Seven
44
Practice: | Write name of C2H2.
Dicarbon dihydride
45
What are the basic rules of naming oxoacids?
ite becomes ous | ate becomes ic
46
Pracitice: | Write the oxoacidic name for HNO2.
Nitrous Acid Because it contains nitrite and ite becomes ous.
47
Practice: | Write the name of Na2CO3
Sodium carbonate
48
Practice: | Write the formula for Iron (II) phosphate
Fe3(PO4)2
49
Why do sodas have phosphoric acid?
Because there is not enough water to dissolve all the sugar they use so they add phosphoric acid to help the sugar dissolve.
50
What is the limiting reactant?
The reactant that runs out first. (Limits the reaction)
51
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound with only carbon and hydrogen.
52
What is the formula for propane?
C3H8
53
What are the diatomic elements?
H N O and all of group 7
54
What type of masses do molecular and ionic compounds have?
Molecular: molecular mass Ionic: formula mass
55
``` O I L R I G ```
``` Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain ```
56
LEO the lion says GER
Loss of Electrons Oxidation Gain of Electrons Reduction

Chemistry (9 decks)

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